Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus A Genotype, Germany, 2011–2012

Prifert, Christiane; Streng, Andrea; Krempl, Christine D.; Liese, Johannes G.; Weißbrich, Benedikt

doi:10.3201/eid1906.121582

Cited by 50 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, it has been suggested that successful new genotypes may possess novel antigenicity and thus ability to evade host immunity, resulting in hospitalisation spikes on introduction to a naive population, such as associated with the emergence of ON1, without an inherent ability to cause more severe disease (197,201). This hypothesis is consistent with the increases in hospital and ICU admissions associated with ON1 compared to other RSV strains (197,198), and the large epidemics associated with NA1 and NA2 when they first emerged in Japan in the mid 2000s but not observed since (201 (227). Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with many bacterial pathogens, and resistance has been observed in S. pneumoniae to both first-and second-line antibiotics commonly used to treat bacterial pneumonia (75)(76)(77)81).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The ectodomain of G contains two hypervariable regions separated by a putative receptor binding domain that is conserved in both RSV-A and RSV-B. The second C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR2) is sufficient for distinguishing between subtypes and has thus been used by the majority of studies investigating RSV genetic diversity (190,(193)(194)(195)(196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204). More recently, whole genome sequencing has also been applied to RSV strains from various clinical settings (188,189,191,192), adding valuable information to our understanding of RSV evolution.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, an NA1 variant with a 72 nucleotide duplication in HVR2 was identified in Ontario, Canada (genotype ON1) (203,207). ON1 and similar NA1 variants with the large duplication have since been reported worldwide, although they have yet to replace GA2, NA1 and GA5 in the population (192,194,195,197,198,202,203,215,216).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above sample size calculation also assumed that this study sample population accurately (189,194,195,197,198,207). Two study strains (5% of RSV-A strains) were also identified as the RSV-A genotype ON1, which was first identified in the 2010/2011 Canadian winter in 10%…”

Section: Trend For Increased H Influenzae Co-detection With Rsv-a (2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. pneumoniae colonisation of the URT has been shown to vary between different serotypes and strains (76,242). Previous epidemiological studies of ARI have described the genetic diversity of RSV based on G (190,(193)(194)(195)(196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204). Studies of serotype distribution and genetic diversity of S. pneumoniae during asymptomatic carriage and disease have also been performed (75, 76, 79-81, 227, 245, 247, 250, 287), and some studies of paediatric LRT infections have reported pneumococcal serotypes in addition to respiratory virus and bacteria detections (99,104,228,(288)(289)(290).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Brealey¹

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most significant cause of paediatric acute respiratory infection (ARI). RSV and other respiratory viruses are commonly co-detected with potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, in the upper airways of young children.While these bacteria are known to be carried asymptomatically, they are also capable of opportunistic infections. Interactions between RSV and S. pneumoniae have been demonstrated in both clinical and molecular studies. However, the clinical significance of these interactions remains debated, and the effect of clinically relevant strain variation in both virus and bacteria on these interactions is also unknown. This work aimed to better understand the role of S. pneumoniae colonisation during RSV infections.To determine the effect of RSV and S. pneumoniae co-detection on disease severity during ARI, molecular pathogen screening of nasopharyngeal samples was conducted in a cohort of young children under the age of two years presenting with ARI at the emergency department of the Royal Brisbane Children's Hospital, Australia. S. pneumoniae was co-detected in approximately 52% of RSV infections, and co-detection was associated with increased disease severity, suggesting that S. pneumoniae plays a pathogenic role in severe paediatric RSV infections.Having established a clinical role for S. pneumoniae during RSV infection, the dynamics of pneumococcal colonisation of the nasal cavity was investigated in the four weeks prior and subsequent to an RSV infection in a longitudinal birth cohort of Brisbane-based children.Approximately 33% of infants and young children with RSV infections were colonised by S. pneumoniae prior to the RSV detection, and strain characterisation of S. pneumoniae in the weeks immediately surrounding the viral infection suggested that any observed growth of S. pneumoniae during RSV infection arose from the pre-existing strain colonising the URT. In another 14% of RSV infections, S. pneumoniae was first detected during the virus infection, suggesting simultaneous acquisition of RSV and S. pneumoniae and possible co-transmission of the two pathogens.The results from the two paediatric cohorts suggested an interaction between RSV and S.pneumoniae that was advantageous to the bacteria. It was therefore hypothesised that the molecular mechanisms governing RSV and S. pneumoniae interactions might be pneumococcal strain-specific and stronger in strains frequently co-detected with RSV. Studies have shown that RSV can increase S. pneumoniae colonisation by enhancing pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelia, and virions iii can bind directly to the bacterium to form co-pathogen complexes. These interactions are in part mediated through the binding interactions between S. pneumoniae surface receptors and the RSV G surface glycoprotein. RSV G is highly variable, both antigenically and genetically, and is the main protein used to type RSV into subtypes A and B. The genetic variation of RSV G was characterised from nasophar...

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Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trend For Increased H Influenzae Co-detection With Rsv-a (2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Brealey¹

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus

Berry,

Babady

2023

ClinMicroNow

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a member of the genus Orthopneumovirus , family Pneumoviridae , order Mononegavirales . Most general viral specimen collection principles also apply to specimen collection for RSV detection and culture. Although RSV can be visualized by electron microscopy, its application has been limited to research laboratories. However, characteristic syncytial cytopathic effects in lung biopsies can facilitate the diagnosis. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales , the family Pneumoviridae , and the genus Metapneumovirus , which also includes avian metapneumovirus, also known as turkey rhinotracheitis virus, a cause of respiratory tract infections in turkeys, ducks, and chickens. HMPV is the only human pathogen within the genus Metapneumovirus . Orthopneumovirus , the other genus in the family Pneumoviridae , includes the closely related human RSV.

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Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus over three consecutive seasons in Latvia

Balmaks

Ribakova

Gardovska

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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Lower respiratory tract infections caused by the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) represent an immense burden of the disease, especially in young children. This study aimed to investigate the evolutionary history of HRSV strains isolated in the Children's Clinical University Hospital (Riga, Latvia) over three consecutive HRSV seasons. Of 207 samples from children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections, 88 (42.5%) tested positive for HRSV by RT‐PCR. The seasonal activity started and peaked later than the average for the Northern hemisphere. Patients with HRSV lower respiratory tract infection were significantly younger than patients not infected with HRSV. HRSV‐A viruses predominated for two consecutive seasons and were followed by an HRSV‐B dominant season. Phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein G gene partial sequences revealed that viruses of both groups belonged to the worldwide dominant genotypes NA1 (HRSV‐A) and BA‐IV (HRSV‐B). High diversity of this gene was driven only partially by selection pressure, as only two positively selected sites were identified in each group. Two of the HRSV‐A isolates in this study contained a 72‐nt duplication in the C‐terminal end of the G gene (genotype ON1) that was first described in Canada in the 2010–2011 season. Initial spatial and temporal dynamics of this novel genotype were reconstructed by discrete phylogeographic analysis. Fifteen years after acquiring comparable 60‐nt duplication in the G gene, genotype BA lineages have replaced all other HRSV‐B strains. However, the population size of genotype ON1 plateaued soon and even decreased slightly before the beginning of the 2012–2013 season. J. Med. Virol. 86:1971–1982, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus A Genotype, Germany, 2011–2012

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus

Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus over three consecutive seasons in Latvia

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