Novel ringing suppression circuit to increase the number of connectable ECUs in a linear passive star CAN

Mori, Hiroyuki; Suzuki, Youichiro; Maeda, Noboru; Obata, Hiroyuki; Kishigami, Tomohisa

doi:10.1109/emceurope.2012.6396876

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is affected by impedance mismatches and non-linear changes in cable characteristics, including the lengths and terminations of the bus. All together, this may result in overshooting, what can be followed by an oscillation of the signal, known as ringing [45]. Therefore, the topology has a considerable influence on the signal waveform, since impedance mismatches mainly occur at junctions and the devices.…”

Section: B Cause Of the Signal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EASI: Edge-Based Sender Identification on Resource-Constrained Platforms for Automotive Networks

Kneib

Schell

Huth

2020

Proceedings 2020 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium

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In vehicles, internal Electronic Control Units (ECUs) are increasingly prone to adversarial exploitation over wireless connections due to ongoing digitalization. Controlling an ECU allows an adversary to send messages to the internal vehicle bus and thereby to control various vehicle functions. Access to the Controller Area Network (CAN), the most widely used bus technology, is especially severe as it controls brakes and steering. However, state of the art receivers are not able to identify the sender of a frame. Retrofitting frame authenticity, e.g. through Message Authentication Codes (MACs), is only possible to a limited extent due to reduced bandwidth, low payload and limited computational resources. To address this problem, observation in analog differences of the CAN signal was proposed to determine the actual sender. Some of the prior approaches exhibit good identification and detection rates, however require high sampling rates and a high computing effort. With EASI we significantly reduce the required resources and at the same time show increased identification rates of 99.98% by having no false positives in a prototype structure and two series production vehicles. In comparison to the most lightweight approach so far, we have reduced the memory footprint and the computational requirements by a factor of 168 and 142, respectively. In addition, we show the feasibility of EASI and thus demonstrate for the first time that voltage-based sender identification is realizable using comprehensive signal characteristics on resource-constrained platforms. Due to the lightweight design, we achieved a classification in under 100 µs with a training time of 2.61 seconds. We also showed the ability to adapt the system to incremental signal changes during operation. Since cost effectiveness is of utmost importance in the automotive industry due to high production volumes, the achieved improvements are significant and necessary to realize sender identification.

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Section: B Cause Of the Signal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EASI: Edge-Based Sender Identification on Resource-Constrained Platforms for Automotive Networks

Kneib

Schell

Huth

2020

Proceedings 2020 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium

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“…The same applies to the grounding voltage [24], which may vary due to external influences like temperature or humidity. Additionally, the resulting voltage on the wire is affected by reflections of the power of the transmitted signal [25]. These occur due to cable characteristics like channel length and bus termination.…”

Section: A Controller Area Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Robustness of Signal Characteristic-Based Sender Identification

Kneib,

Schell,

Huth

2019

Preprint

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Vehicles become more vulnerable to remote attackers in modern days due to their increasing connectivity and range of functionality. Such increased attack vectors enable adversaries to access a vehicle Electronic Control Unit (ECU). As of today in-vehicle access can cause drastic consequences, because the most commonly used in-vehicle bus technology, the Controller Area Network (CAN), lacks sender identification. With low limits on bandwidth and payload, as well as resource constrains on hardware, usage of cryptographic measures is limited. As an alternative, sender identification methods were presented, identifying the sending ECU on the basis of its analog message signal. While prior works showed promising results on the security and feasibility for those approaches, the potential changes in signals over a vehicle's lifetime have only been partly addressed. This paper closes this gap. We conduct a four months measurement campaign containing more than 80,000 frames from a real vehicle. The data reflects different driving situations, different seasons and weather conditions, a 19-week break, and a car repair altering the physical CAN properties. We demonstrate the impact of temperature dependencies, analyze the signal changes and define strategies for their handling. In the evaluation, the identification rate can be increased from 91.23 % to 99.98 % by a targeted updating of the system parameters. At the same time, the detection of intrusions can be improved from 76.83 % to 99.74 %, while no false positives occured during evaluation. Lastly, we show how to increase the overall performance of such systems by double monitoring the bus at different positions.

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Source Identification from In-Vehicle CAN-FD Signaling: What Can We Expect?

Liu

2021

Information and Communications Security

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Novel ringing suppression circuit to increase the number of connectable ECUs in a linear passive star CAN

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

EASI: Edge-Based Sender Identification on Resource-Constrained Platforms for Automotive Networks

EASI: Edge-Based Sender Identification on Resource-Constrained Platforms for Automotive Networks

On the Robustness of Signal Characteristic-Based Sender Identification

Source Identification from In-Vehicle CAN-FD Signaling: What Can We Expect?

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