Novel Route of Toxicant Exposure in an Ancient Extant Vertebrate: Nickel Uptake by Hagfish Skin and the Modifying Effects of Slime

Glover, Chris N.; Blewett, Tamzin A.; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1021/es5052815

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, the fitting results showed that the depuration rate constant for skin was close to zero, suggesting that the depuration rate was minimal, thus this route could be excluded in the present study. PAHd 10 may be trapped once they diffuse into the skin as found for other toxicants, 57 which is likely to hinder the subsequent depuration.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicompartmental Toxicokinetic Modeling of Discrete Dietary and Continuous Waterborne Uptake of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Zebrafish Danio rerio

Wang

Xia

Liu

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In the present study, we developed a multicompartmental toxicokinetic model for two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and anthracene) in their deuterated form (PAHs-d 10) in zebrafish considering continuous waterborne uptake and discrete dietary uptake. We quantified the bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and depuration of these two PAHs-d 10 in zebrafish, and then estimated the kinetic parameters by fitting the model into the experimental data. The experimental and fitting results both showed that there was a peak concentration in each compartment of zebrafish after every dietary uptake, while the peak value depended on the ingestion amount of the PAH-d 10 and varied among different compartments. The PAH-d 10 amount in the blood reached 20–27% of the total amount bioaccumulated in zebrafish at steady-state, followed by skin (20–26%), and fillet (16–22%). The rank of PAH-d 10 steady-state concentrations in each compartment showed inconsistency with its lipid contents, indicating that the distribution of the PAHs-d 10 in zebrafish was not merely affected by the lipid content in each compartment, but also affected by their kinetics and biotransformation. This study suggests that discrete dietary uptake caused by intermittent food ingestion significantly affects the bioaccumulation of PAHs in fish. Further studies are needed to investigate such effect on other toxicants that are more resistant to biotransformation than PAHs in fish.

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Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicompartmental Toxicokinetic Modeling of Discrete Dietary and Continuous Waterborne Uptake of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Zebrafish Danio rerio

Wang

Xia

Liu

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…It is also important to note that use of the skin as an uptake surface is not restricted to organic nutrients, but inorganic elements (e.g. phosphorus, nickel, iron) may also be absorbed across this surface via specific uptake pathways (Schultz et al, 2014;Glover et al, 2015. It remains to be determined whether the transport capacity of the integument extends to carbohydrate and lipid nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The good, the bad and the slimy: experimental studies of hagfish digestive and nutritional physiology

Glover

Weinrauch

2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The hagfishes provide valuable insight into the physiology of feeding, digestion and nutrient absorption by virtue of unusual and unique features of their biology. For example, members of this group undergo long periods of fasting, and are the only vertebrates known to absorb organic nutrients across their epidermal surface. Such properties engender significant attention from researchers interested in feeding and feeding-related processes; however, the practical realities of employing the hagfish as an experimental organism can be challenging. Many of the key tools of the experimental biologist are compromised by a species that does not readily feed in captivity, is difficult to instrument and which produces copious quantities of slime. This Commentary provides critical insight into the key aspects of hagfish feeding and digestive processes, and highlights the pitfalls of this group as experimental organisms. We also suggest key research gaps that, if filled, will lead to better understanding of hagfishes, and we consider how this group may advance our knowledge of feeding, digestion and nutrient absorption processes.

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“…Davison et al (1990) found no evidence that the SCS serves as a sink for lactate ions during exhaustive exercise, and the SCS is also unlikely to serve as a hydrostatic skeleton given its flaccid nature (Forster et al, 1989). Recent studies have demonstrated cutaneous transport of nutrients (Glover et al, 2011;Schultz et al, 2014), ammonia and trace metals (Glover et al, 2015) in Pacific hagfish, suggesting that the large blood volume held within the SCS may be involved in acidbase regulation and nutrient acquisition from the surrounding water. Whatever the function of the SCS, the occurrence of this distensible compartment surrounding the hagfish's body is likely to have implications for locomotion within confined spaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hagfish Houdinis: biomechanics and behavior of squeezing through small openings

Freedman

Fudge

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Hagfishes are able to squeeze through small openings to gain entry to crevices, burrows, hagfish traps and carcasses, but little is known about how they do this, or what the limits of this ability are. The purpose of this study was to describe this ability, and to investigate possible mechanisms by which it is accomplished. We investigated the hypothesis that the passive movement of blood within a hagfish's flaccid subcutaneous sinus allows it to squeeze through narrow apertures that it would not be able to if it were turgid. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed videos of Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) and Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) moving through narrow apertures in the lab. We measured changes in body width as the animals moved through these openings and documented the behaviors associated with this ability. We found that hagfishes are able to pass through narrow slits that are less than one half the width of their bodies. Our results are consistent with the idea that a flaccid subcutaneous sinus allows hagfish to squeeze through narrow apertures by facilitating a rapid redistribution of venous blood. In addition, we describe nine distinct behaviors associated with this ability, including a form of non-undulatory locomotion also seen in snakes and lampreys. Our results illuminate a behavior that may be a critical component of the hagfish niche, as a result of its likely importance in feeding and avoiding predators.

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Novel Route of Toxicant Exposure in an Ancient Extant Vertebrate: Nickel Uptake by Hagfish Skin and the Modifying Effects of Slime

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Multicompartmental Toxicokinetic Modeling of Discrete Dietary and Continuous Waterborne Uptake of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Zebrafish Danio rerio

Multicompartmental Toxicokinetic Modeling of Discrete Dietary and Continuous Waterborne Uptake of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Zebrafish Danio rerio

The good, the bad and the slimy: experimental studies of hagfish digestive and nutritional physiology

Hagfish Houdinis: biomechanics and behavior of squeezing through small openings

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