Novel Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Single Bulb Garlic: Stability, Toxicity, and Antiinflammation in 3T3-L1 Cells

Abstract

Single bulb garlic (SBG) has the potential as an immunomodulator; however, it has low solubility and bioavailability. A lipid-based delivery system, that is, the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), offers a novel opportunity in drug delivery. SBG can be a suitable candidate for SNEDDS development. This research aims to describe the physical stability, toxicity test of the SNEDDS, and SNEDDS SBG potential as antiinflammation in 3T3-L1 cells. The SNEDDS is made with various ratios of concentrations of carrier oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants, namely, 0.50: 3.45: 0.96, and added with SBG extract (SBGE) of 20 mg/mL. The results of the response test of SNEDDS SBGE formulation indicate an average and standard deviation of emulsification time of 16.38±3.01 (second), pH 7.21±0.08, and transmittance of 98.40±0.23(%). The average nanoemulsion size is 14.333±0.416 nm, polydispersion index of 0.213±0.056, and zeta potential of -14.67±0.72 mV. The results of the physical stability test indicate no segregation, deposition, cracking, or creaming in all nanoemulsion samples and SNEDDS SBG. The MTT test in a dose of 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 100, 2000, and 4000 µg/mL suggests that the highest viability of the 3T3-L1 cells is at a dose of 2000 µg/mL, which is 97.83%±1.55%. Therefore, SNEDDS SBGE can be a potential candidate for oral preparation by increasing bioavailability and reducing toxicity in the 3T3-L1 cells. An antiinflammatory test on the TNF-𝛼 and IL-1𝛽 expressions influences the 3T3-L1 cells. the SNEDDS of SBGE has the potential to reduce the expression of TNF-𝛼 and IL-1𝛽 and increase IL-10 expression in the methylglyoxal-induced 3T3-L1 cells.

Novel Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Single Garlic Extract: Bio-accessibility, Cytotoxicity, and Anti-Inflammatory Studies

“…The cells were seeded in 96-well plate at density 5×10 3 cells/well in 100 µL medium and incubated overnight at 37ºC, with 5%. Then, SNEDDS-SGE was added to each well with various concentrations of 62.5 ug/ml, 125 ug/ml, 250 ug/ml, 500 ug/ml, 1000 ug/ml, 2000 ug/ml, and 4000 ug/ml [22]. Cells were incubated for 24 hours in an incubator at 37°C, with 5% CO2.…”

“…Cosurfactants will be inserted and form spaces between surfactants with high fluidity which can form nanoemulsions more quickly [20]. A good SNEDDS formula must have the ability to disperse entirely and quickly when in contact with water with mild agitation which can be related to the ease of the process of forming nanoemulsions in a liquid-filled stomach [21,22].…”