Novel Serotype of Bluetongue Virus, Western North America

Maclachlan, Nigel J; Wilson, William C.; Crossley, Beate; Mayo, Christie E.; Jasperson, Dane C.; Breitmeyer, R. E.; Whiteford, Annette M.

doi:10.3201/eid1904.120347

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…2). The sequence analysis of the BTV-2 isolate showed a close relation with the BTV-2 isolated in California in (MacLachlan et al, 2013. The two isolates shared 98% of nucleotide identity, when only 93% and 91% were found with BTV-2 isolated in Florida in 1999 (accession number AY855267) and BTV-2 isolated in the French Martinique island in 2006 (accession number HQ222824), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In literature, there are not data about isolation of these 2 BTV serotypes in South America. MacLachlan et al (2013) mention ''C. insignis is the major vector of multiple BTV serotypes 6,8,12,17,19,20,and probably others) in the Caribbean basin, Central America, and South America'' without any more precision about the geographic location of these BTV serotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Identification of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes in French Guiana in 2011 and 2012

Viarouge

Lancelot

Rives

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes in French Guiana in 2011 and 2012

Viarouge

Lancelot

Rives

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…23 In the United States, a BTV reassortant that included genes from BTV-2 and BTV-6 was reported in a cow with BTV clinical disease. 26 Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus reassortants, such as an EHDV-6 (Indiana) that contained genes from endemic EHDV-2 (Alberta) and exotic EHDV-6 (Australia) serotypes, was first recovered from dead white-tailed deer in Indiana and Illinois in 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and performance evaluation of a streamlined method for nucleic acid purification, denaturation, and multiplex detection ofBluetongue virusandEpizootic hemorrhagic disease virus

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) possess similar structural and molecular features, are transmitted by biting midges (genus Culicoides), and cause similar diseases in some susceptible ruminants. Generally, BTV causes subclinical disease in cattle, characterized by a prolonged viremia. EHDV-associated disease in cattle is less prominent; however, it has emerged as a major economic threat to the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) industry in many areas of the United States. The recent emergence of multiple BTV and EHDV serotypes previously undetected in the United States demonstrates the need for robust detection of all known serotypes and differential diagnosis. For this purpose, a streamlined workflow consisting of an automated nucleic acid purification and denaturation method and a multiplex one-step reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of BTV serotypes 1-24 and EHDV serotypes 1-7 was developed using previously published BTV and EHDV assays. The denaturation of double-stranded (ds) BTV and EHDV RNA was incorporated into the automated nucleic acid purification process thus eliminating the commonly used separate step of dsRNA denaturation. The performance of this workflow was compared with the World Organization of Animal Health BTV reference laboratory (National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Ames, Iowa) workflow for BTV and EHDV detection, and high agreement was observed. Implementation of the workflow in routine diagnostic testing enables the detection of, and differentiation between, BTV and EHDV, and coinfections in bovine blood and cervine tissues, offering significant benefits in terms of differential disease diagnosis, herd health monitoring, and regulated testing.Key words: Bluetongue virus; Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus; polymerase chain reaction. Schroeder et al. 710and/or EHDV infection is most often seen in white-tailed deer and includes fever, excessive salivation and nasal discharge, and hemorrhaging from oral and nasal tissue.46 Serotypes of BTV found in the United States do not typically cause clinical disease in cattle. 25 However, exotic BTV serotypes are known to cause clinical signs, and occasionally clinical signs are also seen with U.S. serotypes. In late summer through early fall of 2012, a significant number of epizootic hemorrhagic disease cases in cattle were confirmed in the northern U.S. states of Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Iowa, and it is believed that the disease was spread from deer to cattle by insect vectors (Wilson D: 2013, Epizootic hemorrhagic disease update. Calif Vet Jan/Feb: 44-45). In general, cattle most often act as reservoirs for BTV and EHDV due to a prolonged cell-associated viremia, which contributes significantly to the epidemiology of the disease. 46Bluetongue virus and EHDV infections can have a negative economic impact on the cattle and deer industry. 19,30,41,46 The emergence of exotic strains of BTV and EHDV, as well as the appearance ...

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“…There are at least 26 serotypes of BTV worldwide. 9 In South America, Central America, and the Caribbean, serotypes 1,3,4,6,8,11,12,14, and 17 have been detected by serotype-specific antibodies, and serotypes 1,3,4,6,8,12, and 17 have been detected by virus isolation. 6 In the United States, serotypes 1-3, 5, 6, 9-14, 17, 19, 22, and 24 have been identified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 In the United States, serotypes 1-3, 5, 6, 9-14, 17, 19, 22, and 24 have been identified. 11 Furthermore, the clinical presentation of bluetongue is a very rarely reported condition. In Brazil, serotype 12 has been isolated in asymptomatic cattle and symptomatic sheep and goats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Bluetongue virus serotype 4 in dairy sheep in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In late January 2013, 10 nonpregnant Lacaune dairy ewes raised under extensive husbandry management on a farm in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, presented with the general clinical signs of lethargy, hyporexia, edema of the face, hyperemia of the exposed parts of the skin, mouth lesions, pyrexia, and lameness. Additionally, 2 pregnant ewes died suddenly after the onset of respiratory signs. The complete blood counts and biochemistry analyses showed neutrophilic leukocytosis with monocytosis and reactive lymphocytes, normocytic normochromic anemia and increased aspartate aminotransferase levels. Postmortem examination revealed erosions on the lingual mucosa, bilateral submandibular ganglia infarctions, yellow foamy fluid accumulation in the trachea and bronchial bifurcation, pulmonary congestion, and edema associated with hemorrhagic lesions on the pulmonary artery and heart. The clinical and pathological findings were suggestive of bluetongue. For a molecular and virological diagnosis, tissue samples were analyzed by Bluetongue virus-specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and viral isolation was performed in embryonated chicken eggs. For viral typing, positive tissue and egg-isolated samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR using primers and probes specific for the structural VP2 gene in genome segment 2 of all 26 serotypes. There are still no contingency plans for responding to an outbreak of bluetongue disease in Brazil, and this episode emphasizes the need for continuing serological and entomological surveillance programs. Additionally, this report describes the isolation of Bluetongue virus serotype 4 in sheep in the Americas.

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Novel Serotype of Bluetongue Virus, Western North America

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Identification of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes in French Guiana in 2011 and 2012

Identification of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes in French Guiana in 2011 and 2012

Development and performance evaluation of a streamlined method for nucleic acid purification, denaturation, and multiplex detection ofBluetongue virusandEpizootic hemorrhagic disease virus

Outbreak of Bluetongue virus serotype 4 in dairy sheep in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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