Novel Silica Filled Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Nanofluids for Energy Transportation

Abstract

Liquid range of nanofluids is a crucial parameter as it intensively determines their application temperature scope. Meanwhile, improved thermal conductivity and stability are of great significances and comprise the main fundamental research topics of nanofluids. In this work, 2butoxy-3,4-dihydropyran (DP), produced from a convenient one-pot three-component reaction in water, was employed as dual lipophilic brusher and metal nanoparticle anchor. It was found that DP was able to enhance the dispersing ability and thermal conductivity of SiO 2 nanoparticle filled deep eutectic solvent (DES) based nanofluids simultaneously. The key to the success of this protocol mainly relies on the electrophilic property and acetylacetonate moiety of DP, which ensures the formation of DP surficial modified and copper nanoparticle coated silica. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the hydrogen bonding effect between base solvent and alkane chain of nanoparticle was responsible for the enhanced affinity, which thus resulted in an improved stability. Viscosities of the nanofluids dropped within a certain range owing to the ruin of hydrogen bonding association among solvent molecules resulted by the hydrogen bonding effect between nanoparticle and solvent. Thermal conductivity of the copper modified silica filled DES nanofluids exhibits a maximum 13.6% enhancement, which demonstrated the advantages of this chemical covalent protocol. Additionally, study upon viscosity and convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluids with varies types of silica nanoparticle and DES base solvents indicated that a 24.9% heat transfer coefficient enhancement was gained that further revealed the superiority of this protocol.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs): A short overview of the thermophysical properties and current use as base fluid for heat transfer nanofluids

“…Almost all the above-described studies have confirmed that the dispersion of nanoparticles improves thermal conductivity in the DESs. By comparing the experimental data of [four] studies, it is revealed that the difference between the total thermal conductivity alterations is J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related to the type of solvent [96] and/or the type of nanoparticle [85]. The majority of results proved that an increase in temperature and the concentration of nanoparticles provide higher thermal conductivity in the prepared nanofluids in comparison with the pure DES.…”

“…As another example, Liu et al [96] developed a typical preparation procedure to form a DES-based nanofluid by a combination of silica nanoparticle and glycerol:ChCl. According to this method, 100 ml of DES was mixed with a certain mass fraction of silica nanoparticle, and then the resulting combination was stirred for 2 hours at 353 K, subsequently, it was cooled to reach room temperature.…”

Shining Light on Porous Liquids: From Fundamentals to Syntheses, Applications and Future Challenges

“…[234,235] Besides, pore generators of PLs provide an alternative capsule to encapsulate phase-change materials (PCMs) to improve the photothermal conversion performance. Besides, the accessible cavities of pore generators in PLs also provide a favorable space to incorporate nanoparticles with specific functions (e.g., magnetism, photothermal response), [219] thus realizing the synergy of photothermal conversion performance and specific function. However, till now, there are no studies of PLs available for thermal management in photo-thermal conversion applications.…”

“…(Reproduced with permission. [219] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society). and silica NIMs, and so on.…”

“…d-a) Schematic illustration of the DP and Cu nanoparticle modified SiO 2 nanoparticle and b) preparation procedure and conditions of SiO 2 -SH, SiO 2 -SH-DP, and SiO 2 -SH-DP-Cu. (Reproduced with permission [219]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society).…”