Novel Silver(I) Ion Selective PVC Membrane Electrode Based on the Schiff Base (N2E,N2'E)-N2,N2'-Bis(Thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-Diamine
“…The limit of detection is 4.25×10 -6 mol/dm 3 (Figure 2). All the above characteristics make this electrode comparable with ionophore containing electrode reported in the literature (Demirel et al, 2006;Jeong et al, 2011;Shamsipur et al, 2002).…”
Section: Linear Range and Limit Of Detectionsupporting
Application possibility of new simple Ag-selective electrode for the determination of chloride ions, was investigated in this paper. The poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) electrode modified with silver (PVCAc/Ag) was prepared by simple immersion a glassy carbon rod coated with poly(vinyl chloride-co- vinyl acetate) polymer, which contained plasticizer and lipophilic additive, but without ionophore, into the silver nitrate solution. This simplicity of construction and extensive pH range through remarkable acidic media (pH 0.7 to 7.0), are the advantages of this modified electrode over many of reported silver selective electrodes based on a polymer matrix containing different ionophores. The response of the electrode was linear with a Nernstian slope of 60.25 mV/decade in the concentration range from 1.0×10-1 to 1.0×10-5 mol/dm3 Ag+ and with a detection limit of 4.25×10-6 mol/dm3. Proposed PVCAc/Ag electrode was applied to the determination of chloride ions in the samples spring waters. The results of chloride ion determination in samples spring waters obtained by proposing electrode and comparative Ag/AgCl electrode were in satisfactory agreement.
“…The limit of detection is 4.25×10 -6 mol/dm 3 (Figure 2). All the above characteristics make this electrode comparable with ionophore containing electrode reported in the literature (Demirel et al, 2006;Jeong et al, 2011;Shamsipur et al, 2002).…”
Section: Linear Range and Limit Of Detectionsupporting
Application possibility of new simple Ag-selective electrode for the determination of chloride ions, was investigated in this paper. The poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) electrode modified with silver (PVCAc/Ag) was prepared by simple immersion a glassy carbon rod coated with poly(vinyl chloride-co- vinyl acetate) polymer, which contained plasticizer and lipophilic additive, but without ionophore, into the silver nitrate solution. This simplicity of construction and extensive pH range through remarkable acidic media (pH 0.7 to 7.0), are the advantages of this modified electrode over many of reported silver selective electrodes based on a polymer matrix containing different ionophores. The response of the electrode was linear with a Nernstian slope of 60.25 mV/decade in the concentration range from 1.0×10-1 to 1.0×10-5 mol/dm3 Ag+ and with a detection limit of 4.25×10-6 mol/dm3. Proposed PVCAc/Ag electrode was applied to the determination of chloride ions in the samples spring waters. The results of chloride ion determination in samples spring waters obtained by proposing electrode and comparative Ag/AgCl electrode were in satisfactory agreement.
“…[19][20][21][22] According to previous reports, the Ag is an ideal alternative of Pt because it is not only abundantly available in nature and much cheaper but also higher electrical and thermal conductive than Pt. 23,24 Previous research also revealed that the Ag-based catalysts have higher catalytic activity for ORR 25 and superior stability in alkaline media. 26 The graphene oxide (GO) 27 is the oxidized and exfoliated sheet of graphene which distorted sp 2 carbon networks carrying mainly epoxide (−O−), hydroxyl (−OH), carbonyl (−C=O), and carboxyl (−COOH) groups.…”
The silver nanocrystals (AgNCs) anchored on graphene oxide (GO) catalysts have been synthesized by a facile chemical reduction and nontemplate method using ascorbic acid (AA) as reducing agent and have successfully employed as a cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in direct alkaline fuel cells (DAFCs). The morphological characterizations demonstrate that the AgNCs have crystalline form and grafted onto reduced graphene oxide (AgNCs/rGO_AA). Comparatively better dispersion and higher population of AgNCs have observed on AA treated AgNCs/rGO than NaBH 4 which is known as conventional reducing agent. The electrochemical catalysis in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte has demonstrated that the AgNCs/rGO_AA has an excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline media compared to the other tested electrodes. Particularly, it shows 40% higher mass activity with large specific activity against 20 wt% Pt/C with faster electron transfer rate per O 2 . Moreover, the reaction kinetic parameters have confirmed that the ORR at AgNCs/rGO_AA catalyst not only follows a 4e -process with lowering H 2 O 2 formation but also proceeds on with good stability and fuel selectivity in DAFCs. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an interesting research area and already attracted widespread attention of researches from all over the world because of its important role in the application of energy storage and conversion devices, such as fuel cells (FCs) and metal−air batteries in alkaline media.1-4 Due to superior energy conversion efficiency and potential for providing clean energy, FCs are in the main attention as next generation energy sources. 5,6 As the FCs consists of anode and cathode electrodes, the greatest effect on the performance of FCs is the oxidation/reduction reaction kinetics occurring at the respective electrodes. Unfortunately, the sluggish kinetic rate of ORR at the cathode is the main obligation to be applied in industry. 6 Typically, the platinum (Pt) and/or Pt-based materials are known as the most efficient electrocatalyst in the cathode for ORR catalysis [7][8][9][10] but unfortunately, the Pt-based materials have faced many troubles such as its susceptibility to time dependent drift and CO poisoning, 11,12 slow electron-transfer kinetics, 13 high costs, limited supply, 14 and poor durability. 15 For those reasons, Pt has hindered the widespread commercialization of FCs technology. To overcome the cost challenges, significant efforts have focused on the development of alternative non-Pt catalysts that are based on mainly non-precious metals and/or various heteroatom-doped carbonaceous materials. [16][17][18] Among the non-Pt metal catalysts studied, silver (Ag)-based carbon nanomaterials have been explored as promising candidates with higher activity and stability in alkaline medium recently. [19][20][21][22] According to previous reports, the Ag is an ideal alternative of Pt because it is not only abundantly available in nature and much cheaper but also higher electrical and thermal conductive than Pt....
“…[1][2][3] Recently, a large number of ionophores, have been developed and have found widespread applications in ion selective electrodes for the determination of respective cations and anions in real samples. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] A number of silver selective sensors mainly based on Schiff bases, 13 crown ethers, 7,14 podands, 12 and calixarenes 15,16 have been developed. Over the past five decades, carbon paste, i.e., a mixture of carbon (graphite) powder and a binder (pasting liquid), has become one of the most popular electrode materials used for the laboratory preparation of various electrodes, sensors, and detectors.…”
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