Novel solvent-free direct coating process for battery electrodes and their electrochemical performance

Park, Dong Won; Cañas, Natalia A.; Wagner, Norbert; Friedrich, K. Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.066

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These freestanding electrodes are then attached to a current collector via lamination. Another method that has been proposed for electrode preparation is dry‐spraying . Here, the electrode materials are processed without a solvent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Requirements of Materials for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Impact on Current and Future Applications

Schütter

Pohlmann²,

Balducci

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

199

111

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active material. Since the energy storage in EDLCs is only based on the adsorption of ions without any faradaic reactions, they not only have higher power densities compared to other storage devices like batteries or fuel cells but also can easily reach a cycle life of millions of cycles. [1] However, since only the surface of the active material is used for the energy storage mechanism, the energy density of EDLCs is lower than that of batteries (2-8 Wh kg −1 ) limiting the areas in which EDLCs can be used as electrochemical storage device. [1a] Therefore, both scientific and industrial research efforts are dedicated to find ways to increase the energy density of EDLCs. The maximum energy density is calculated by the equation, where C is the capacitance of the EDLC and V is the applied voltage. In general, the capacitance is mainly related to the used active material, whereas the usable voltage is limited by the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte-electrode interface. Thus, the choice of materials is of pivotal importance for maximizing the energy storage properties of EDLCs. [1c] Since energy storage in EDLCs takes place at the electrodeelectrolyte interface, both of these components need to be improved. It is also important to notice that tailoring the electrolyte to the electrode material (or vice versa) can result in beneficial effects: By allowing the ions of the electrolyte to appropriately fit into the pores of the electrolyte, negative effects like ion sieving can be avoided and capacitance can be maximized. [1c,2] The assembly of an EDLC device requires the following components:(1) An electrode, which is comprised of active material, binder, current collector and, in most cases, a conductive agent (2) An electrolyte, which is comprised of solvent and salt, but solvent-free electrolytes are also possible (3) A separator to prevent physical contact and short circuit of the electrodes (4) Casing and mechanical components ensuring a reliable connection for high currents within the capacitor as well as a connection to the respective application.A cross section of a typical EDLC device with all its components is shown in Figure 1. The figure is also giving indications about the current cost of the individual EDLC components.Electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are nowadays considered one of the most important energy storage technologies. In recent years, great efforts have been made toward the development of novel materials, active and inactive, suitable for the realization of advanced EDLCs displaying higher performance, especially in terms of energy, compared to the state-of-the-art devices. Nevertheless, the applicability of these materials in real devices and the industrial requirements related to the development of innovative EDLCs are not always properly addressed by the scientific community. This short review addresses these two fundamental aspects, with the aim to supply an updated set of information about the industrial requirements for the materials usable in commercial EDLCs. ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Requirements of Materials for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Impact on Current and Future Applications

Schütter

Pohlmann²,

Balducci

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

199

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This technology generally includes three stages: 1) Dry powder mixing/shearing of active materials, conductive carbon and polymer binder; 2) Dry‐spraying or hot rolling to form a dry electrode film; 3) Attaching electrode film to current collector by hot pressing. [ 132,133 ] Different from the slurry cast electrode, this technology avoids dissolving binder in organic solvent and thus results in a unique electrode structure. In particular, the binder network in electrode allows for high ionic conductivity and intimate contact between active materials and conductive carbon.…”

Section: Electrode Engineering Technologies For Enhancing Wvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy of Enhancing the Volumetric Energy Density for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2020

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ising candidates for the next generation of high energy storage system. Since proposed in the 1960s, [3] Li-S battery experienced an infancy stage in 1970-1990s, when researchers devoted to the fundamental redox reactions of sulfur in various electrolytes, [4] and a flourishing period after 2000 when high performance was achieved through sulfur/carbon (S/C) cathode and sulfurized-polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode in ether-and carbonatebased electrolytes, respectively. [5] After 2009, great efforts have been made to further enahnce Li-S battery, including fabricating conductive cathode, [6] incorporating electrocatalyst, [7] modifying separator, [8] optimizing electrolyte, [9] and protecting lithium anodes. [10] The rational design of electrode structure with various carbon materials (1D, 2D, and 3D) greatly boosts the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode. [11] Although the cycle stability is still struggling with 100 cycles, the gravimetric energy density (W G) of Li-S pouch cells has improved remarkably to promote the applications in which weight matters more than longevity. For example, Sion Power, a pioneer corporation in Li-S battery technology, has developed several prototypical Li-S cells with energy density of 350 Wh kg −1 /325 Wh L −1 for powering Airbus's Zephyr 7 drone for an 11-day nonstop flight in 2014. [12] Oxis Energy, another manufacture of Li-S battery, announced a new target of 500 Wh kg −1 in the near future after achieving 400 Wh kg −1 / 300 Wh L −1 for e-Buses, trucks, and marine applications. [13] Research institutions from China have also reported pouch Li-S cells with the energy density up to 400-600 Wh kg −1 for the potential application in unmanned aerial vehicle. [14] It is remarkable that the W G of Li-S battery has exceeded that of the best Li-ion batteries (250-300 Wh kg −1) with Ni-rich oxide cathode from Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd. (CATL), a giant manufacture of Li-ion batteries (Figure 1). With such great advantages, Li-S battery is possible to compete with commercial Li-ion batteries in specific field where high W G is the primary concern. Despite the attractive high W G , Li-S battery pales in comparison with Li-ion batteries in terms of volumetric energy density (W V). [18] Figure 1 compares W V and W G between Li-S and Li-ion batteries. With Ni-rich metal oxide as cathode, Li-ion batteries have already reached 700 Wh L −1 and can even exceed 1000 Wh L −1 for W V when coupling with high capacity Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries hold the promise of the next generation energy storage system beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Despite the attractive gravimetric energy density (W G), the volumetric energy density (W V) still remains a great challenge for the practical application, based on the primary requirement of Small and Light for Li-S batteries. This review highlights the importance of cathode density, sulfur content, electroactivity in achieving high energy densities. In the first part, key factors are analyzed in a model on negative/positive ...

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“…In some cases, an extra heating step is added in order to melt the polymer binder to ensure cohesion between particles. Another alternative method was discussed by Parl et al who used a similar process, though instead of applying ESD, they worked with a highly pressurized argon gas flow to deposit the particles onto the current collector [70].…”

Section: Spray Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Solvent-Free Methods for Manufacturing Electrodes and Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Batteries

et al. 2021

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With the ever-growing energy storage notably due to the electric vehicle market expansion and stationary applications, one of the challenges of lithium batteries lies in the cost and environmental impacts of their manufacture. The main process employed is the solvent-casting method, based on a slurry casted onto a current collector. The disadvantages of this technique include the use of toxic and costly solvents as well as significant quantity of energy required for solvent evaporation and recycling. A solvent-free manufacturing method would represent significant progress in the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. This review provides an overview of solvent-free processes used to make solid polymer electrolytes and composite electrodes. Two methods can be described: heat-based (hot-pressing, melt processing, dissolution into melted polymer, the incorporation of melted polymer into particles) and spray-based (electrospray deposition or high-pressure deposition). Heat-based processes are used for solid electrolyte and electrode manufacturing, while spray-based processes are only used for electrode processing. Amongst these techniques, hot-pressing and melt processing were revealed to be the most used alternatives for both polymer-based electrolytes and electrodes. These two techniques are versatile and can be used in the processing of fillers with a wide range of morphologies and loadings.

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Novel solvent-free direct coating process for battery electrodes and their electrochemical performance

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Industrial Requirements of Materials for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Impact on Current and Future Applications

Industrial Requirements of Materials for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Impact on Current and Future Applications

Strategy of Enhancing the Volumetric Energy Density for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Challenges in Solvent-Free Methods for Manufacturing Electrodes and Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Batteries

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