Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Review

Abstract

Skin is the largest and easily accessible organ of the body and therefore can be extensively used as a prominent route of delivery for local and systemic effects. Though it presents a multifunctional barrier between body and surrounding particles, there are chances to deliver therapeutic nanocarrier, particularly in diseased skin. Both for dermal and transdermal drug delivery, the horny layer, i.e., the uppermost layer of the skin serve as the most resistant layer to be crossed and for this purpose, different perforation techniques are used that relatively widen the skin opening and allow the passage of drug (≤ 10 mg) and micromolecules, but this amateur disruption of the skin can be avoided in order to preserve this barrier against cutaneous microbiota by using deformable nanocarriers. In this review, we discuss the nanosized aggregates and microneedle technology for the advanced delivery of vaccines, protein, peptides, nucleic acid, and hormone across the skin.

Analytical Method for Transdermal Delivery of the Anti-angiogenic Compound TNP-470

“…The primary function of the stratum corneum, the keratinised outmost layer of the skin, is to provide an outstanding transdermal barrier against the absorption of chemical and biological toxins [21]. This physiological function of the skin substantially limits the ability of drugs to penetrate in this manner through the skin [21][22][23].…”

Microneedles for drug delivery: trends and progress

“…A number of review papers have also discussed specific technologies, e.g. various methods to fabricate MNs, or the devices that are currently being used or are likely to be used in clinical trials (Giri Nandagopal et al, 2014;Jain et al, 2014). Indeed, one can safely assume that the most significant aspects of MNs research have been discussed in review or research papers.…”

Current and Emerging Formulation Strategies for the Effective Transdermal Delivery of HIV Inhibitors

“…First, the drug must be released from the dosage form, which is controlled by the specific formulation utilized, and then the drug permeates through the skin, which is controlled by the skin and physicochemical properties of the drug. As such, there exist several types of transdermal dosage forms which may be used to control drug release from the patch ( Figure 2 ): Single-layer drug-in-adhesive is the most basic formulation where the rate of drug release from the patch is dependent on the diffusion of the drug product across the skin;Multilayer drug-in-adhesive formulations encompasses products with either the addition of a membrane between two distinct drug-in-adhesive layers or the addition of multiple drug-in-adhesive layers under a single backing film;Drug reservoir formulations are comprised of an inclusion of a liquid compartment containing a drug solution or suspension separated from the release liner by a semipermeable membrane and adhesive;Drug matrix formulations include a semi-solid matrix containing a drug solution or suspension [28–30]. …”