We have previously synthesized a series of 7-aroylaminoindoline-1-sulfonamides as a novel class of antitubulin agents. Here we show that one of these new compounds, N-[1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-7-yl]-isonicotinamide (J30), is potently effective against various resistant and nonresistant cancer cell lines despite the status of multidrug resistance, multidrug-resistance associated protein, or other resistance factors in vitro. J30 inhibits assembly of purified tubulin by strongly binding to the colchicine-binding site. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that J30 depolymerizes microtubules in the KB cell line, resulting in an accumulation of G 2 /M phase cells. Further studies indicate that J30 causes cell cycle arrest, as assessed by flow analyses and the appearance of MPM-2 (a specific mitotic marker), and is associated with up-regulation of cyclin B1, phosphorylation of Cdc25C, and dephosphorylation of Cdc2. J30 also causes Bcl-2 phosphorylation, cytochrome c translocation, and activation of the caspase-9 and caspase-3 cascades. These findings suggest that the J30-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway depends on caspases and mitochondria. Finally, we show that oral administration of J30 significantly inhibits tumor growth in NOD/scid mice bearing human oral, gastric, and drug-resistant xenografts. Together, our results suggest that J30 has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of various malignancies.One of the most successful classes of antitumor drugs targets microtubules, the principal components of the cytoskeleton that are important in cell division, organelle transport, cytokinesis, maintenance of cell morphology, and signal transduction (Jordan and Wilson, 2004). There are two categories of antitubulin compounds used to target highly proliferating malignant cells. The microtubule depolymerizing agents, such as vinca alkaloids and colchicinoids, inhibit tubulin polymerization. The microtubule polymerizing agents, such as taxanes and epothilones, promote or stabilize the tubulin polymer form (Pellegrini and Budman, 2005). Recent studies suggest that the inhibitory effects of these drugs are due to their interruption of microtubule dynamics rather than to alteration of microtubule polymer mass. The disruption of microtubule dynamics leads to arrest of growing cells in metaphase/anaphase, causing apoptotic cell death or nonapoptotic slow cell death (Mollinedo and Gajate, 2003).Taxanes and vinca alkaloids have been in clinical use for a long time, but these drugs have many drawbacks (Attard et al., 2006). First, drug resistance, caused by mutations and/or This work was supported in part by grants from National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan (NHRI Intramural Grant CA-095-PP-04), and the National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan (NSC 95-2752-B-400-001-PAE).J.P.L. and K.S.H. contributed equally to this work. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.126680....