Novel sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)/phosphonic acid-functionalized titania nanohybrid membrane by an in situ method for direct methanol fuel cells

Novel nanocomposite membranes based on blended sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(vinyl alcohol) containing sulfonated graphene oxide/Fe3O4 nanosheets for DMFC applications

“…The results of Table 2 show that the M S membrane has the lowest methanol permeability (7.36 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 ) compared to other membranes, because of its low membrane swelling. 46 As results of Table 2 Table 2, the selectivity of M SP membrane is lower than other membranes due to lower proton conductivity and higher methanol permeability. Generally, The SPEEK shows low methanol permeability because of the less-pronounced hydrophilic-hydrophobic separation of highly branched structure of SPEEK.…”

Fabrication and physico-chemical properties of iron titanate nanoparticles based sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application

“…It can be seen that sulfonated membranes have a three-step degradation pattern. The first weight loss in the temperature range of 50-150°C is ascribed to the evaporation of absorbed water [23]. The second weight loss in 300-400°C is assigned to the decomposition of \ \SO 3 H groups of SPEEK.…”

“…Thus, to prevent drying of the membrane and keep the membrane at most conductive state, without external humidification, many composite membranes with self-humidifying ability have been developed. For example, incorporating hygroscopic metal oxides, such as silica [17][18][19][20][21], titania [13,[22][23][24], zeolites [25,26] montmorilonite [27], iron titanate [28], zirconia [29], strontium cerate [30] and barium zirconate [31,32] were developed to absorb water and accordingly improve the proton conductivity. These prepared nanocomposite membranes have presented good interfacial compatibility, enhanced water retention property and mechanical stability.…”

“…These observations imply that incorporating the inorganic IT is conducive to the membrane dimensional stability. The DS of SPEEK polymer was set at 68%, to ensure the optimum range based on the proton conductivity and mechanical properties [23].…”

Sulfonated Oligomer‐crosslinked Fluorinated Poly(aryl ether sulfone)‐based Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

“…$500 m −2 ), high fuel permeability and loss of conductivity at high operation temperatures (>80 °C) , . For these reasons, various efforts have been devoted to exploit new types of PEM materials addressing these issues . Sulfonated aromatic polymers, one of the promising alternatives, are widely known for their low‐cost, outstanding chemical and thermal stability as well as good mechanical properties , .…”