In this study, various concentrations of strontium (Sr)
into a
fixed amount of starch (St) and Fe2O3 nanostructures
(NSs) were synthesized with the co-precipitation approach to evaluate
the antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of the concerned NSs.
The study aimed to synthesize nanorods of Fe2O3 with co-precipitation to enhance the bactericidal behavior with
dopant-dependent Fe2O3. Advanced techniques
were utilized to investigate the structural characteristics, morphological
properties, optical absorption and emission, and elemental composition
properties of synthesized samples. Measurements via X-ray diffraction
confirmed the rhombohedral structure for Fe2O3. Fourier-transform infrared analysis explored the vibrational and
rotational modes of the O–H functional group and the CC
and Fe–O functional groups. The energy band gap of the synthesized
samples was observed in the range of 2.78–3.15 eV, which indicates
that the blue shift in the absorption spectra of Fe2O3 and Sr/St-Fe2O3 was identified with
UV–vis spectroscopy. The emission spectra were obtained through
photoluminescence spectroscopy, and the elements in the materials
were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs showed
NSs that exhibit nanorods (NRs), and upon doping, agglomeration of
NRs and nanoparticles was observed. Efficient degradations of methylene
blue increased the photocatalytic activity in the implantation of
Sr/St on Fe2O3 NRs. The antibacterial potential
for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was measured against ciprofloxacin. E. coli bacteria exhibit inhibition zones of 3.55
and 4.60 mm at low and high doses, respectively. S.
aureus shows the measurement of inhibition zones for
low and high doses of prepared samples at 0.47 and 2.40 mm, respectively.
The prepared nanocatalyst showed remarkable antibacterial action against E. coli bacteria rather than S. aureus at high and low doses compared to ciprofloxacin. The best-docked
conformation of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme against E. coli for Sr/St-Fe2O3 showed
H-bonding interactions with Ile-94, Tyr-100, Tyr-111, Trp-30, ASP-27,
Thr-113, and Ala-6.