Novel Test Bench for the Active Reduction of Biomass Particulate Matter Emissions

Pérez-Orozco, Raquel; Patiño, David; Porteiro, Jacobo; Mı́guez, J.L.

doi:10.3390/su12010422

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In recent years, interest in biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels has been steadily increasing. Besides the classical combustion process, which is mostly suitable for wooden residues [1], several types of thermochemical and biological processes are considered attractive for producing energy and biofuels. Thermochemical processes are based on gasification [2] or pyrolysis [3] of biomass to obtain energy and biofuels [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

et al. 2020

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Biogas is a fuel obtained from organic waste fermentation and can be an interesting solution for producing electric energy, heat and fuel. Recently, many European countries have incentivized the production of biomethane to be injected into natural gas grids or compressed and used as biofuel in vehicles. The introduction of an upgrading unit into an existing anaerobic digestion plant to convert biogas to biomethane may have a strong impact on the overall energy balance of the systems. The amount of biomethane produced may be optimized from several points of view (i.e., energy, environmental and economic). In this paper, the mass and energy fluxes of an anaerobic digestion plant were analyzed as a function of the biogas percentage sent to the upgrading system and the amount of biomethane produced. A numerical model of an anaerobic digestion plant was developed by considering an existing case study. The mass and energy balance of the digesters, cogeneration unit, upgrading system and auxiliary boiler were estimated when the amount of produced biomethane was varied. An internal combustion engine was adopted as the cogeneration unit and a CO 2 absorption system was assumed for biogas upgrading. Results demonstrated that the energy balance of the plant is strictly dependent on the biomethane production and that an excess of biomethane production makes the plant totally dependent on external energy sources. As for the environmental impact, an optimal level of biomethane production exists that minimizes the emissions of equivalent CO 2 . However, high biomethane subsides can encourage plant managers to increase biomethane production and thus reduce CO 2 savings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

et al. 2020

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“…In this work, the influence of bed cooling and air staging on biomass combustion will be studied. The biomass combustion pilot plant, presented by Pérez-Orozco et al [18], will be simulated using CFD techniques. Several cases with different operating conditions will be calculated, and the results validated against experimental data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, Pérez-Orozco et al presented an experimental small-scale biomass combustion system designed to test the influence of air staging, FGR and bed cooling on biomass combustion emissions [18]. The most novel part of this plant is the complete refrigeration system that also includes the fuel bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To allow the characterization of the temperature distribution inside the combustion system and the pollutant emissions, the plant is equipped with thermocouples located in different zones, as well as a gas analyzer and a low-pressure impactor connected to the exhaust. Several experimental studies have already been carried out, testing the stability and repeatability of the facility, and analyzing the effectiveness of using different air ratios, FGR and bed cooling for reducing pollutant emissions [13,14,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD Simulation of an Internally Cooled Biomass Fixed-Bed Combustion Plant

et al. 2021

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The reduction of bed temperature in fixed-bed biomass combustion is an effective measure to lower pollutant emissions. Air staging and bed cooling solutions are active strategies to decrease the fuel bed temperature. This work presents a CFD study of a biomass fixed-bed combustion plant that is equipped with an internal cooling bed system. Eight different cases are calculated to analyze the effect of the total airflow, air staging ratios and bed cooling system on biomass combustion. The findings are validated against experimental data from the literature. The results show good accordance between the numerical results and the experimental data. The primary airflow rate has the biggest influence on the bed’s maximum temperatures. The internal bed cooling system is able to achieve an average bed temperature reduction of 21%, slowing the biomass thermal conversion processes. Bed cooling techniques can be combined with air staging and primary airflow reduction to reduce bed temperatures in order to reduce pollutant emissions and other undesirable phenomena, such as fouling or slagging.

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“…Another option is to cool the fuel bed to avoid evaporation of the aerosol-forming compounds [23,24]. While cooled grates are available for large boilers and for one type of small-scale biomass boiler (ÖKOTHERM [25]), it is still uncommon and associated with higher costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a metal mesh filter prototype with wet regeneration

Baumgarten

Grammer

Ehard³

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Wood combustion is a major part of the current efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. However, wood combustion leads to emissions of other pollutants like fine particulate matter. A new option to reduce particulate matter emissions is a metal mesh filter with counter current flushing. An automatic prototype was tested under realistic conditions including starts and stops of the boiler. For regeneration, the filter was flushed using water in opposite flow direction. The water was recycled multiple times to limit water consumption. The results are very promising. Regeneration was successful and no signs of decay could be observed over 419.5 h of operation and 234 regenerations. The filter can be operated during all phases of boiler operation, which is a major step forward compared to alternative secondary measures. Separation efficiency was high with 80–86%, even though the filter showed internal leakage, which reduced the separation efficiency. Additionally, waste products were examined. About 1000 l wastewater can be expected to be produced every month, which could be disposed using the communal waste water system, given the low heavy metal loading. A part of the fine particulate matter is unsoluble and has to be removed from the regeneration water before reuse. The unsoluble fraction contains the majority of heavy metals and has to be disposed as fly ash or used for urban mining. Generally spoken, the metal mesh filter is a new, promising option which can overcome limitations of current secondary measures without increasing costs given its simple and robust construction.

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Novel Test Bench for the Active Reduction of Biomass Particulate Matter Emissions

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?

CFD Simulation of an Internally Cooled Biomass Fixed-Bed Combustion Plant

Evaluation of a metal mesh filter prototype with wet regeneration

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