Novel Tetraploid Triticale (Einkorn Wheat × Rye)—A Source of Stem Rust Resistance

Abstract

Among cereals, triticale (×Trititcoseale Wittmack ex A. Camus) represents a number of advantages such as high grain yield even in marginal environments, tolerance to drought, cold and acid soils, as well as lower production costs. Together with high biomass of grain and straw, triticale is also considered as an industrial energy crop. As an artificial hybrid, it has not evolved naturally, which is reflected in narrow genetic diversity causing a resistance collapse in recent years. Here, we describe a novel, synthetic tetraploid triticale, which was developed by the crossing of rye (Secale cereale L.) with einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum), which possess Sr35 stem rust resistance gene. Three subsequent generations of alloploids were obtained by chromosome doubling followed by self-pollination. The cytogenetic analyses revealed that the amphiploids possess a set of 28 chromosomes (14 of Am-genome and 14 of R-genome). The values of the most important yield-shaping traits for these tetraploid triticale form, including thousand-grain weight, plant height and stem length were higher compared to parental genotypes, as well as standard hexaploid triticale cultivars. This study shows that this tetraploid triticale genetic stock can be an interesting pre-breeding germplasm for triticale improvement or can be developed as a new alternative crop.

Triticale: A General Overview of Its Use in Poultry Production

“…However, a new synthetic tetraploid triticale obtained by crossing rye (Secale cereale) with einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum), a carrier of the stem rust resistance gene Sr35, has been described [54]. According to several observations [51][52][53], the amount of tetraploid triticale grain with internal infection did not exceed 30%, while, for wheat, this indicator reached 90%.…”

“…According to several observations [51][52][53], the amount of tetraploid triticale grain with internal infection did not exceed 30%, while, for wheat, this indicator reached 90%. Triticale is also not affected by powdery mildew, yellow rust, nor brown rust [27,[54][55][56][57][58][59]. According to triticale producers [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], its spring varieties provide an environmentally friendly stable grain yield due to immunity and tolerance to disease.…”

“…In terms of resistance to adverse soil, climatic conditions, and the most dangerous diseases, triticale is not inferior to rye and surpasses wheat [39,48,50,[77][78][79][80]. Another great advan-tage of triticale is its significant potential for frost and winter tolerance, ensuring sufficient overwintering [27,38,39,48,54,62,66,69,[81][82][83]. Recent triticale genome-wide studies revealed quantitative trait loci and candidate genes associated with abiotic (freezing) and biotic (pink snow mold) stress tolerance that are located on chromosomes such as 2B (descendent from wheat) and 5R (inherited from rye; Figure 2c) [38,39].…”

Regulation of Fat Content in Triticale Based on Optimization of Technological Processing Modes

“…It was found in a study [35] that the inclusion of triticale in compound feed led to a lower accumulation of heavy metals in the muscle tissue of fattening pigs.…”

Rust resistance of wheat and triticale samples in different plant growing stages

“…и ржи мужского пола (Secale cereale L.) [2]. Хотя 90 % посевных площадей тритикале находится в Европе [3], для России тритикале также является перспективной культурой [4]. Её преимуществом является высокая урожайность зерна и экологическая пластичность [5].…”