Novel Therapeutics in Radioactive Iodine-Resistant Thyroid Cancer

Fullmer, Tanner; Cabanillas, Maria E.; Zafereo, Mark

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.720723

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…The increased knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in thyroid cancer progression allowed the development of new therapeutic agents targeting specific pathways involved in disease progression, including RET, BRAF, RAS, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) [ 71 , 72 , 73 ]. To date, a number of FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Lenvatinib, Vandetanib, Sorafenib, and Cabozantinib entered clinical practice for the treatment of more aggressive and RAI resistant TC [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ].…”

Section: Thyroid Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: An Evolving Field

Ulisse

Baldini

Lauro

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Over the last few years, a great advance has been made in the comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis underlying thyroid cancer progression, particularly for the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which represents the most common thyroid malignancy. Putative cancer driver mutations have been identified in more than 98% of PTC, and a new PTC classification into molecular subtypes has been proposed in order to resolve clinical uncertainties still present in the clinical management of patients. Additionally, the prognostic stratification systems have been profoundly modified over the last decade, with a view to refine patients’ staging and being able to choose a clinical approach tailored on single patient’s needs. Here, we will briefly discuss the recent changes in the clinical management of thyroid nodules, and review the current staging systems of thyroid cancer patients by analyzing promising clinicopathological features (i.e., gender, thyroid auto-immunity, multifocality, PTC histological variants, and vascular invasion) as well as new molecular markers (i.e., BRAF/TERT promoter mutations, miRNAs, and components of the plasminogen activating system) potentially capable of ameliorating the prognosis of PTC patients.

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Section: Thyroid Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: An Evolving Field

Ulisse

Baldini

Lauro

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Among the AEs observed during treatment, HT appears to be the most frequent and is managed using standard antihypertensive drugs. Early diagnosis of HT may help avoid serious complications and prevent premature termination of MKI-based therapies in patients [ 38 , 168 ]. Administration of MKIs is also frequently associated with an increased risk of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES), characterized by tingling and tenderness, with more serious symptoms including symmetrical redness, swelling and pain on the palms and soles.…”

Section: Treatment-related Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent AEs in BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapies are fatigue, fever, diarrhoea, HT and hyperproliferative cutaneous events [ 38 , 173 ]. Most are grade 1 and 2 and are consistent with those reported for BRAF or MEK inhibitors alone [ 173 ].…”

Section: Treatment-related Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Targeted agents usually have less severe and long-term AEs than conventional chemotherapy. However, they should be considered as chronic approaches, and appropriately managed to prolong treatment duration in patients exhibiting a clinical benefit [ 38 ]. The aquired drug-resistance phenomenon, which results from systemic therapies, remains a concern.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BRAF V600E-mutated kinase acts as the constitutive trigger of signal transmission in the MAPK pathway, independent of its upstream target, RAS, ultimately leading to increased activation of ERK kinases ( Figure 2 ). Hyperactivation of signaling pathways, mediated by the BRAF V600E allele, causes impaired expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and plays a key role in the radioiodine refractory (RAIR) phenomenon [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Some studies associate BRAF V600E with development of more aggressive and resistant forms of TCs [ 30 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Inhibitor-Based Therapies for Thyroid Cancer—An Update

Ratajczak

Gawel

Godlewska

2021

IJMS

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Thyroid cancers (TCs) are the most common tumors of the endocrine system and a constant rise in the number of TC cases has been observed for the past few decades. TCs are one of the most frequent tumors in younger adults, especially in women, therefore early diagnosis and effective therapy are especially important. Ultrasonography examination followed by fine needle biopsy have become the gold standard for diagnosis of TCs, as these strategies allow for early-stage detection and aid accurate qualification for further procedures, including surgical treatment. Despite all the advancements in detection and treatment of TCs, constant mortality levels are still observed. Therefore, a novel generation line of targeted treatment strategies is being developed, including personalized therapies with kinase inhibitors. Recent molecular studies on TCs demonstrate that kinase inhibitor-based therapies might be considered as the most promising. In the past decade, new kinase inhibitors with different mechanisms of action have been reported and approved for clinical trials. This review presents an up-to-date picture of new approaches and challenges of inhibitor-based therapies in treatment of TCs, focusing on the latest findings reported over the past two years.

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Clinical outcomes of combined cervical and transthoracic surgical approaches in patients with advanced thyroid cancer

et al. 2022

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Background Advanced thyroid disease involving the mediastinum may be managed surgically with a combined transcervical and transthoracic approach. Contemporary analysis of this infrequently encountered cohort will aid the multidisciplinary team in personalizing treatment approaches. Methods Retrospective review of patients undergoing combined transcervical and transthoracic surgery for thyroid cancer at a single high‐volume institution from 1994 to 2015. Results Thirty‐eight patients with median age 59 years (range 28–76) underwent surgery without perioperative mortality. Most patients had primary disease. A majority had distant metastases outside the mediastinum but had locoregionally curable disease. Common complications were temporary (39%) and permanent (18%) hypoparathyroidism, and wound infection (13%). One‐year overall survival was 84%; 1‐year locoregional disease‐free survival was 64%. Median time to locoregional recurrence was 36 months. Only esophageal invasion was associated with worse oncologic outcomes. Conclusions Combined transcervical and transthoracic surgery for advanced thyroid cancer can be performed without mortality and with acceptable morbidity.

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Novel Therapeutics in Radioactive Iodine-Resistant Thyroid Cancer

Cited by 44 publications

References 114 publications

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: An Evolving Field

Papillary Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: An Evolving Field

Novel Inhibitor-Based Therapies for Thyroid Cancer—An Update

Clinical outcomes of combined cervical and transthoracic surgical approaches in patients with advanced thyroid cancer

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