Novel Ti3C2Tx MXene nanozyme with manageable catalytic activity and application to electrochemical biosensor

Abstract

In this work, Ti3C2Tx MXene was identified as efficient nanozyme with area-dependent electrocatalytic activity in oxidation of phenolic compounds, which originated from the strong adsorption effect between the phenolic hydroxyl group and the oxygen atom on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene flake. On the basis of the novel electrocatalytic activity, Ti3C2Tx MXene was combined with alkaline phosphatase to construct a novel cascading catalytic amplification strategy using 1-naphthyl phosphate (1-NPP) as substrate, thereby realizing efficient electrochemical signal amplification. Taking advantage of the novel cascading catalytic amplification strategy, an electrochemical biosensor was fabricated for BCR/ABL fusion gene detection, which achieved excellent sensitivity with linear range from 0.2 fM to 20 nM and limit of detection down to 0.05 fM. This biosensor provided a promising tool for ultrasensitive fusion gene detection in early diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, the manageable catalytic activity of MXene broke a path for developing nanozymes, which possessed enormous application potential in not only electrochemical analysis but also the extensive fields including organic synthesis, pollutant disposal and so on. Graphical Abstract

MXene-Based Composites as Nanozymes in Biomedicine: A Perspective

“…The combination of MXenes (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) with alkaline phosphatase could provide cascading catalytic amplification technique utilizing 1-naphthyl phosphate as a substrate, thus resulting in electrochemical signal amplification with high efficiency (Fig. 4 ) [ 65 ]. Accordingly, on the 2D plane, MXenes (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) displayed a suitable area-dependent phenol adsorption with high efficiency to catalyze the electrochemical oxidation; they could be applied for oxidation of phenolic compounds.…”

“…The designed electrochemical biosensor based on this technique was further exploited for detecting BCR/ABL fusion gene, resulting in superb sensitivity (~ 0.2 fM-20 nM) and limit of detection (LOD) down to ~ 0.05 fM. The biosensor exhibited excellent potential for specifically detection of fusion gene for the initial recognition of acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous [ 65 ]. Besides, enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated utilizing palladium (Pd), Pt, nonmetallic elements (boron and phosphorus), MXenes, and CuCl 2 nanowires for specific detection of kidney injury molecule-1 in the urine [ 75 ].…”

“…Several studies have reported the enzyme-mimicking activities of MXene-based composites, such as peroxidase (to break down H 2 O 2 ), glutathione oxidase (to consume glutathione), and catalase (to produce O 2 from H 2 O 2 for enhancement of the photodynamic therapy) [ 36 , 63 , 64 ]. However, intrinsic catalytic activity of MXenes alone (such as their peroxidase-like activities) still needs improvement to be competitive with other nanozymes (such as metals or metal oxides) [ 7 , 43 , 65 ]. Thus, efforts have focused on hybridization of MXenes with other nanomaterials (copper sulfide (CuS), Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , or NiFe layered double hydroxide) to improve their catalytic characteristics [ 66 ]; noble metal nanomaterials can be employed in designing MXene-metal nanohybrids as enzyme mimetics with enhanced catalytic activities [ 43 , 46 , 66 , 67 ].…”

New Horizons for MXenes in Biosensing Applications

“… MXenes Composite Identify Units Target LOD Range Ref. MoS 2 /Au NPs/Ti 3 C 2 DNA probe miRNA-182 0.43 fM 1 fM–0.1 nM [ 63 ] Au/Ti 3 C 2 DNA probe miRNA-21, 141 204 aM 138 aM 500 aM–50 nM [ 73 ] Ti 3 C 2 T x @FePcQDs DNA probe miRNA-155 4.3 aM 0.01 fM–10 pM [ 72 ] MCH/CP/AuNPs/Ti 3 C 2 T x DNA probe BCR/ABL fusion gene 0.05 fM 0.2 fM–20 nM [ 75 ] Ti 3 C 2 T x DNA probe SARS-Cov-2 N gene 10 5 copies mL −1 10 5 –10 9 copies mL −1 [ 74 ] …”

Correction to: Novel Ti3C2Tx MXene nanozyme with manageable catalytic activity and application to electrochemical biosensor

“…Following publication of the original article [ 1 ], the author reported that the corresponding authors were omitted from the author group. Dr. Xinyi Huang and Anyi Chen have been added to the author group and are presented correctly in this correction article.…”