Novel Trends in Dual Membrane Systems for Seawater Desalination: Minimum Primary Pretreatment and Low Environmental Impact Treatment Schemes

Development of an Environmental Impact Assessment and Decision Support System for Seawater Desalination Plants

“…As the economic case can be a close decision when UF/MF is compared to an advanced conventional pretreatment, the operational benefits of membrane prefiltration under difficult feed water conditions may turn the balance in favor of UF/MF [113,114] a . According to Busch et al [52], a diversification and extension of the driving forces can be observed.…”

“…For comparison, a dose of 15 mg/l to every backwash corresponds to a continuous dose of 0.15 mg/l to the feedwater if one assumes a 10% water loss for backwashing. Only two plants reported that chlorine is not used in the UF feed, but did not specify if chlorine is used in CEB and CIP [52].…”

“…Inasmuch as these cases allow for a conclusion, UF pretreatment often requires some kind of other pretreatment if it is to be operated without coagulants, either in the form of natural or engineered filtration systems, sedimentation, or flotation. However, UF operation on open intakes without additional pretreatment or coagulation has been reported in three cases [52,87].…”

“…Doses, which were reported in three cases, ranged between 0.3 and 10 mg/l as Fe [52,130,131]. Of the papers which reported no coagulant use, three mentioned additional pretreatment prior to the UF, either DAF [94], sedimentation [95], or two stage media filtration [92,93].…”

Seawater reverse osmosis desalination and (harmful) algal blooms

“…(Wilf and Schierach, 2001;Pearce, 2007). Successful piloting has led to the implementation of UF pretreatment in several large (> 100,000 m 3 /day) SWRO plants (Busch et al, 2010), e.g., Adelaide, Ashdod.…”