Novel Twin‐Crystal Nanosheets with MnO₂ Modification to Combat Bacterial Biofilm against Periodontal Infections via Multipattern Strategies

Abstract

Nowadays the multifunctional approaches to kill oral bacteria based on various nanocomposites have made great progress against periodontal infections, while the material structure and its functional integration are still insufficient. Herein, this work proposes a therapeutic strategy of chemodynamical therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) in monocrystals to effectively enhance the synergistic treatment. The CuS/MnS@MnO 2 consisting of hexagonal CuS/MnS nano-twin-crystal with a shell layer of MnO 2 is developed. In this nanosystem, the purpose of synergistic treatment of periodontitis by combining PTT/CDT is achieved within a CuS/MnS monocrystal, where CuS serves to achieve photothermal conversion, dissipate the biofilm and transfer the heat in situ to the integrated MnS, thus promoting the Mn 2+ -mediated CDT process. Meanwhile, the CDT process can generate the highly toxic hydroxyl radical to destroy extracellular DNA by utilization of endogenous H 2 O 2 produced by Streptococci in the oral biofilm, cooperating with PTT to dissipate the bacterial biofilm. With the design of the outer shell of MnO 2 , the selective bacteria-killing can be realized by producing oxygen which can protect the periodontal non-pathogenic aerobic bacteria and threaten the survival of anaerobic pathogens. Therefore, such design via multipattern strategies to combat microorganisms would provide a bright prospect for the clinical treatment of bacterial infections.

Protease-Loaded CuS Nanoparticles with Synergistic Photothermal/Dynamic Therapy against F. nucleatum-Induced Periodontitis

“…CuS NPs exhibited good antibacterial activity and destroyed most of the bacteria on the surface of the cementum, but they did not eliminate bacteria like CuS@A-treated (Figure C). The possible reason is that Alcalase broke the adhesion between the bacteria and the tissue, allowing the CuS NPs to work more effectively and destroy the bacteria. , A similar result was reported in a previous study, where the synergistic effect of • OH and photothermal activity on NPs was found to have a cleavage effect on extracellular DNA and hence affect bacterial adhesion. , All the above-mentioned experiments demonstrated that CuS@A NPs with NIR irradiation possess excellent antibacterial ability with great potential to destroy dental plaque.…”

“…51,52 A similar result was reported in a previous study, where the synergistic effect of • OH and photothermal activity on NPs was found to have a cleavage effect on extracellular DNA and hence affect bacterial adhesion. 53,54 All the above-mentioned experiments demonstrated that CuS@A NPs with NIR irradiation possess excellent antibacterial ability with great potential to destroy dental plaque.…”

Urchin-like Fe3O4@Bi2S3 Nanospheres Enable the Destruction of Biofilm and Efficiently Antibacterial Activities

“…After the evaluation of the antibacterial performance of planktonic bacteria, the antibiofilm effect of Fe 3 O 4 @Bi 2 S 3 was investigated. The pH and H 2 O 2 levels were determined to evaluate the chemical characteristics within biofilm microenvironment (BME). − The biofilm medium was determined to be low pH and high H 2 O 2 concentration (Figure S13), which provided an acidic condition and catalytic substrate for Fe 3 O 4 @Bi 2 S 3 to produce toxic • OH. In addition, the pH value of biofilm filtrates maintained a slightly acidic environment at ∼5.5 after different treatments, while the H 2 O 2 concentration exhibited a slight decrease in the group of Fe 3 O 4 @Bi 2 S 3 +AMF, Fe 3 O 4 @Bi 2 S 3 +RMF, and Fe 3 O 4 @Bi 2 S 3 +RMF+AMF, illustrating that the H 2 O 2 was consumed by Fe 3 O 4 @Bi 2 S 3 to produce toxic • OH after the destruction of biofilm (Figure S14).…”

Recent Advances of Composite Nanomaterials for Antibiofilm Application

“…In addition to inorganic nanomaterials based on gold and silver precious metals, other precious metal nanomaterials such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rubidium (Ru) have good catalytic activities and stability due to their unique electronic structure and SPR effect; they can catalyze the rapid generation of ROS and have been reported to have excellent antibacterial activities [70][71][72]. Further, the transition metal oxides involved in copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti) and cerium (Ce) can be used as antibacterial agents in the treatment of bacterial infections due to their advantages of strong REDOX properties, non-toxicity, long-term stability and low cost [73][74][75][76][77].…”