“…[16][17][18] Despite the prevalence of the reaction, various studies have been conducted recently to develop a stable, economical, and effective heterogenous catalyst using various solid supports, such as carbon-based materials, 19,20 graphene oxides, 21 boehmite, 22 and metal-organic frameworks. [23][24][25] Iron oxide is one of the utilized supports for anchoring the metal nanoparticles as a catalyst in organic synthesis for its inherent features, such as paramagnetism, ease of synthesis, compatibility with the environment, and easy separation by an external magnet. [26][27][28][29][30] On the other hand, guanidine, a naturally occurring nitrogen-rich compound acting as a superbase and N-donor ligand to easily coordinate with the metal ions, is used for the surface functionalization of magnetic supports.…”