Novel ultra-energy-efficient reversible designs of sequential logic quantum-dot cellular automata flip-flop circuits

Alharbi, Mohammed; Edwards, Gerard; Stocker, Richard

doi:10.1007/s11227-023-05134-1

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The type and number of majority gates used to design a QCA circuit are critical aspects that can influence circuit specifications. In previous studies, only one type of majority gate, either the reversible majority gate [14,18] or the irreversible majority gate [32][33][34][35][36][37], was used in the design of QCA half-adder circuits. In terms of the number of majority gates used for designing the half-adder circuit, a few prior studies used five majority gates [34,36], whereas others used four majority gates 5 [14,18,37].…”

Section: Design Of Hybrid Qca Half-adder Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, only one type of majority gate, either the reversible majority gate [14,18] or the irreversible majority gate [32][33][34][35][36][37], was used in the design of QCA half-adder circuits. In terms of the number of majority gates used for designing the half-adder circuit, a few prior studies used five majority gates [34,36], whereas others used four majority gates 5 [14,18,37]. In this case study, we developed hybrid QCA half-adder circuits by simultaneously using three types of majority gates: reversible, irreversible, and partially reversible.…”

Section: Design Of Hybrid Qca Half-adder Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, reversible computing operations, in which reversibility is maintained from the logic synthesis level down to the physical layout level, result in no information loss and consequently zero energy dissipation into the environment [13]. Several studies have simulated QCA digital circuits with extremely low energy dissipation by utilising logically and physically reversible design techniques [14][15][16][17][18]. These reversible design techniques use reversible majority gates, which recycle the input signals, as the main building blocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits

Alharbi,

Edwards,

Stocker

2024

Preprint

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging transistor-less field-coupled nanocomputing (FCN) approach to ultra-scale ‘nanochip’ integration. In QCA, to represent digital circuitry, electrostatic repulsion between electrons and the mechanism of electron tunnelling in quantum dots are used. QCA technology can surpass conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology in terms of clock speed, reduced occupied chip area, and energy efficiency. To develop QCA circuits, irreversible majority gates are typically used as the primary components. Recently, some studies have introduced reversible design techniques, using reversible majority gates as the main building block, to develop ultra-energy efficient QCA circuits. However, this approach resulted in time delays, an increase in the number of QCA cells used, and an increase in the chip area occupied. This work introduces a novel hybrid design strategy employing QCA irreversible, reversible, and partially reversible gates to establish an optimal balance between power consumption, delay time, and occupied area. The hybrid technique allows the designer to have more control over the circuit characteristics to meet different system needs. A combination of reversible, irreversible, and innovative partially reversible majority gates is used in the proposed hybrid design method. We have evaluated the hybrid design method by examining the half-adder circuit as a case study. We have developed four hybrid QCA half-adder circuits, each of which simultaneously incorporates various types of majority gates. The QCADesigner-E 2.2 simulation tool was used to simulate the performance and energy efficiency of the half-adders. This tool provides numerical results for the circuit input/output response and heat dissipation at the physical level, within a microscopic quantum mechanical model.

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Section: Design Of Hybrid Qca Half-adder Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of Hybrid Qca Half-adder Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits

Alharbi,

Edwards,

Stocker

2024

Preprint

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“…With considerable advances in Nanoelectronics devices, Quantum-dot cell automata (QCA) is the most encouraging option in contrast to traditional CMOS innovation. QCA device has some advantages over other by high speed, high density, and low power consumption that are very helpful for the design of digital circuits 2 – 4 . This technology, without any transistor, is very helpful in designing circuits at the nanoscale level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel design of cryptographic architecture of nanorouter using quantum-dot cellular automata nanotechnology

Kassa,

Das,

Lamba

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The article introduces a revolutionary Nanorouter structure, which is a crucial component in the Nano communication regime. To complete the connection, many key properties of Nanorouters are investigated and merged. QCA circuits with better speed and reduced power dissipation aid in meeting internet standards. Cryptography based on QCA design methodologies is a novel concept in digital circuit design. Data security in nano-communication is crucial in data transmission and reception; hence, cryptographic approaches are necessary. The data entering the input line is encrypted by an encoder, and then sent to the designated output line, where it is decoded and transferred. The Nanorouter is offered as a data path selector, and the proposed study analyses the cell count of QCA and the circuit delay. In this manuscript, novel designs of (4:1)) Mux and (1:4) Demux designs are utilized to implement the proposed nanorouter design. The proposed (4:1) Mux design requires 3–5% fewer cell counts and 20–25% fewer area, and the propsoed (1:4) Demux designs require 75–80% fewer cell counts and 90–95% fewer area compared to their latest counterparts. The QCAPro utility is used to analyse the power consumption of several components that make up the router. QCADesigner 2.0.3 is used to validate the simulation results and output validity.

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“…The results showed that combinational QCA circuits that are both logically and physically reversible can operate with energy dissipation values lower than Landauer's limit. Later, researchers implemented this technique to develop more sophisticated combinational QCA logic circuits, as well as sequential QCA circuits, characterized by feedback loops [21,22]. In this research, we introduce the first multilayer reversible QCA ALU built using the logically and physically reversible QCA design technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Alharbi,

Edwards,

Stocker

2023

Nanomaterials

Self Cite

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are a promising nanoscale computing technology that exploits the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between quantum dots in a cell and electrostatic interaction between dots in neighboring cells. QCA can achieve higher speed, lower power, and smaller areas than conventional, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Developing QCA circuits in a logically and physically reversible manner can provide exceptional reductions in energy dissipation. The main challenge is to maintain reversibility down to the physical level. A crucial component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which executes multiple logical and arithmetic functions on the data processed by the CPU. Current QCA ALU designs are either irreversible or logically reversible; however, they lack physical reversibility, a crucial requirement to increase energy efficiency. This paper shows a new multilayer design for a QCA ALU that can carry out 16 different operations and is both logically and physically reversible. The design is based on reversible majority gates, which are the key building blocks. We use QCADesigner-E software to simulate and evaluate energy dissipation. The proposed logically and physically reversible QCA ALU offers an improvement of 88.8% in energy efficiency. Compared to the next most efficient 16-operation QCA ALU, this ALU uses 51% fewer QCA cells and 47% less area.

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Novel ultra-energy-efficient reversible designs of sequential logic quantum-dot cellular automata flip-flop circuits

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits

Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits

Novel design of cryptographic architecture of nanorouter using quantum-dot cellular automata nanotechnology

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

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