Novel Use of Cellulose Based Biodegradable Nano Crystals in the Machining of PPS Composites: An Approach Towards Green Machining

Abstract

Because of their biodegradable and regenerative properties, cellulose nanocrystals derived primarily from naturally occurring cellulose fibers serve as a sustainable and environmentally beneficial material for most applications. Although these nanocrystals are inherently hydrophilic, they can be surface functionalized to suit a wide range of demanding requirements, such as those associated with the creation of high-performance nanocomposites in hydrophobic polymer matrices. Therefore, the present work deals with the application of cellulose-based biodegradable nanocrystals as a lubricant in the machining of PPS composites. In this study, milling process was considered to investigate the influence of the sustainable lubricating conditions on the machinability indexes of PPS composites. As a novel cooling approach, water-based solutions enriched by cellulose nanocrystals with different reinforcements (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) were used over known methods such as MQL, conventional flood, and dry. According to the research outcomes, cellulose nanocrystals-based nanofluids provided satisfying contributions on retarding the tool wear and reducing the cutting temperatures considerably. Despite the surface-related results such as roughness, topography and texture are promising for the developed strategy; further investigations will be useful to determine ideal water-particle concentration to improve the quality of the machined surface.

The Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Nanofluid on Milling Performance: An Investigation of Dillimax 690T

“…This can be explained by CNCbased nanofluids reducing the cutting temperature. In the literature, a machinability study using CNC-based nanofluids stated that different ratios of nanofluids played an effective role in reducing cutting temperatures [31]. Additionally, many studies reported that nanofluids prepared with different nanoparticles reduced the cutting temperature better than dry and MQL [38][39][40].…”

“…Polymers 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 17 based nanofluids stated that different ratios of nanofluids played an effective role in reducing cutting temperatures [31]. Additionally, many studies reported that nanofluids prepared with different nanoparticles reduced the cutting temperature better than dry and MQL [38][39][40].…”

“…CNC nanopowders are soluble in water, so distilled water was used as the base fluid for the nanofluid. According to previous experience [31], CNC nanopowder powders were added to distilled water at 0.5% by volume. A quantity of 500 mL nanofluid was prepared for each cutting fluid.…”

“…This is also encouraged [30]. In this context, Şap et al [31] examined the contribution of different CNC-based nanofluid concentrations to the machinability properties in milling polymer materials. They looked at surface roughness, tool wear, and cutting temperature, which are machinability metrics, and emphasized that CNC-based nanofluid significantly contributed to these metrics' development.…”

Performance Evaluation of Cutting Fluids Formulated with Recycled Toner Waste and Rice Bran Oil in Sustainable Machining of LMD Processed Ti64 Alloy

“…These factors may cause rough textures, uneven surfaces, or other surface abnormalities, which may lower the overall aesthetic and functional qualities of the printed object [14]. Therefore, there is a need for a subtractive process such as machining to reduce the roughness [15].…”