Novel Voltage-Mode PID Controller Using a Single CCTA and All Grounded Passive Components

Abstract

A compact voltage-mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on the utilization of a single current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) is presented in this paper. The presented active PID controller is made up of a single CCTA, and four truly grounded passive components, i.e. two resistors, and two capacitors. The design consideration of the controller parameters has been examined. Besides, the crucial sensitivity performances of the controller parameters for ideal and non-ideal conditions have also been discussed. An application on the closed-loop test system is demonstrated to validate the practicability of the proposed PID controller circuit. To confirm the theoretical behavior, the proposed circuit is simulated with the PSPICE program using TSMC 0.35-μm CMOS process technology. Experimental test results based on commercially available CFOA AD844 and OTA CA3080 integrated circuits are also provided to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed circuit.

Design of Mixed-Mode Analog PID Controller with CFOAs

“…A literature review reveals that the PID controller implementation includes a wide variety of designs based on the use of different active elements [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In [4], voltage-feedback operational amplifiers (OAs) are extensively used to implement conventional voltage-mode (VM) PID controllers.…”

“…At the inputs of all DDCCs, the high-input impedance and capability of arithmetic operations are not fully utilized. Some earlier works do not exhibit high-input and low-output impedances for VM [14,15] or low-input and high-output impedances for CM [16]. In addition, all of the proposed PID controllers in [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] are capable of operating in either VM or CM.…”

“…Some earlier works do not exhibit high-input and low-output impedances for VM [14,15] or low-input and high-output impedances for CM [16]. In addition, all of the proposed PID controllers in [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] are capable of operating in either VM or CM. In real-world process control applications, mixed-signal processing PID controllers are required to interact between CM and VM circuits.…”

Electronically Tunable Sinusoidal Oscillator Using Only Single Current-Controlled Current Conveyor Trans-Conductance Amplifier

“…Since then, other studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] have offered a variety of implementation choices for the CCTA block based on bipolar junction transistor (BJT), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), or bipolar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology. This device's versatility has resulted in its ongoing recognition, as indicated by the numerous analog circuit functions that have been built using it [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. To demonstrate its usefulness, the literature proposed multifunction filters [5], direct frequency modulator [6], shadow universal filters [8], memcapacitor emulator [9], differentiator and integrator [10], PID Controller [11], squaring and square-rooting circuits [12], and oscillator [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] using CCTA.…”

“…This device's versatility has resulted in its ongoing recognition, as indicated by the numerous analog circuit functions that have been built using it [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. To demonstrate its usefulness, the literature proposed multifunction filters [5], direct frequency modulator [6], shadow universal filters [8], memcapacitor emulator [9], differentiator and integrator [10], PID Controller [11], squaring and square-rooting circuits [12], and oscillator [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] using CCTA. This CCTA block is simply constructed by connecting the output of a second-generation current conveyor (CCII) to the input of a trans-conductance amplifier that has both positive and negative polarities available at its output terminal.…”