Novel water‐soluble polymer coatings control<scp>NPK</scp>release rate, improve soil quality and maize productivity

Akhter, Mohsan; Shah, Ghulam Abbas; Niazi, Muhammad Bilal Khan; Mir, Saad; Jahan, Zaib; Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz

doi:10.1002/app.51239

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…The same method was adopted for the preparation of other compositions of coating materials. The experimental design to make a biopolymer and K combination for coating solutions was carefully thought though, based on previous reported studies [8,11,21,[36][37][38]. The coating combinations were (i) GA + KI: urea coated with 3% Gum Arabica and 5% KI, (ii) PVA + KI: urea coated with 3% Polyvinyl Alcohol and 5% KI, and (iii) Gelatin + KI: urea coated with 3% Gum Arabica and 5% KI.…”

Section: Composition Of the Coating Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of sampling five times was to study the mineral N, microbial biomass C, and N content of the soil with time. Each time, three soil samples (random) were collected at a standard soil sampling depth of 0-30 cm [8,[38][39][40][41] from all plots, which were mixed properly to form a composite sample. Half of each soil sample (fresh) was used for the determination of microbial biomass C and N content of soil, while the remaining half was oven dried for 2 days at a temperature of 45 • C to analyze soil pH, EC (electrical conductivity), TOC (total organic carbon), available C, N min (mineral nitrogen) and plant available P and K.…”

Section: Analysis Of Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potassium Plus Biopolymer Coating Controls Nitrogen Dynamics of Urea in Soil and Increases Wheat Production

et al. 2021

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The low nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of commercial fertilizers is one of the main hurdles in higher crop production and reduction of fertilizer N losses to the environment. However, interactions between most the macronutrients could have synergistic outcomes that affect crop NUE. The coating of urea with macronutrients and biopolymers may control N release and synergistically impact its crop NUE. In this study, urea was coated with 3% of different polymers, combined with 5% potassium iodide (KI) (i) Gum Arabica (GA + KI), (ii) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA + KI), and (iii) gelatin (Gelatin + KI) to control its N release, leaching, and increase of wheat NUE. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the successful coating of all KI and biopolymer combinations on urea granules. All coating combinations slowed down urea release in water and reduced its leaching from the soil, but the highest reduction in both parameters was observed with the GA + KI treatment, compared to the uncoated urea. After soil application, GA + KI decreased urea leaching by 26% than the uncoated urea in lysimeter. In the field, soil mineral N remained significantly high with the GA + KI and PVA + KI treatments at the wheat tillering, booting, grain filling and maturity stages, compared to the uncoated urea. However, K content was only high (28%) with the GA + KI treatment at final harvest. Likewise, microbial biomass N was only high with GA + KI at grain filling (20%) and maturity stages (24%) than the uncoated urea. Such synchronized N availability led to high wheat grain yield (28%), N (56%) uptake, and apparent N recovery (130%) with the GA + KI treatment, compared to the uncoated fertilizer. The increment in NUE with GA + KI could be due to the synergistic effect of K on N availability; therefore, we observed higher wheat yield and N utilization efficiency with this treatment. Hence, urea coated with macronutrient (K) plus biopolymer is recommended to improve wheat yield, NUE, and for reduction of environmental N losses.

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Section: Composition Of the Coating Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Plus Biopolymer Coating Controls Nitrogen Dynamics of Urea in Soil and Increases Wheat Production

et al. 2021

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“…For the NPK treatment, cultivated plants absorb small portions of nutrients during the first months and the rest are lost to the environment during the leaching process, reducing plant nutrition. 6,10 In the last measurements, the results showed that the NPK treatment proved to be the least efficient in relation to the measured parameter. It was also possible to verify that there were no significant differences between the HEDTA and PAP treatments (highlighted by "#" in Figure 4); the same was observed for HEDTA + NPK and PAP (highlighted by "*" in Figure 4) that showed the best results, and this result was directly linked to the capacity of the hydrogels retain water during the dry season.…”

Section: Physical Development Of the Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…With the inability to photosynthesize, aquatic plants die and their decomposition increases the biochemical oxygen demand, causing the mortality of aquatic fauna . Thus, nutrient losses to the environment cause health risks and agronomic, economic, and environmental problems. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 nutrient losses to the environment cause health risks and agronomic, economic, and environmental problems. 6,10 The use of hydrogels in agriculture has a growing demand worldwide due to its ability to minimize nutrient losses to the environment, 11 controlled release of fertilizers, 12 and soil water retention. 13,14 When mixed into the soil, the hydrogel is able to absorb large amounts of water, from rainfall or irrigation, serving as a water reserve in dry periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewable Source Hydrogel as a Substrate of Controlled Release of NPK Fertilizers for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus urograndis: Field Study

Albuquerque

Rodrigues

Freitas

et al. 2022

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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In this work, a biodegradable, amphoteric, and renewable hydrogel, called HEDTA, was used as a substrate for a controlled-release NPK fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in a field study of Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings. In the field study, four treatments with different hydrogels and a NPK fertilizer were compared. The treatments were HEDTA without the NPK fertilizer (HEDTA), HEDTA with the NPK fertilizer (10−10−10) (HEDTA + NPK), commercial potassium polyacrylate hydrogel without the NPK fertilizer (PAP), and solid fertilizer NPK (7−31−13) (NPK). The influence of each of these treatments on seedling development was monitored by measurements of neck circumference (nc), mean diameter growth at breast height (DBH), and height (ht), where the HEDTA + NPK treatment showed a positive and increasing response in relation to nc, with greater performance when compared to HEDTA and PAP. The results regarding the DBH of the seedlings prove the theory that the HEDTA + NPK treatment results in the slow release of the fertilizer according to the plant's needs. HEDTA + NKP also showed a higher ht growth rate when compared to the commercial hydrogel. In addition, the amount of nutrients present in the leaves of the seedlings that received each of the four treatments was also evaluated. The results showed that eucalyptus seedlings developed faster with the use of HEDTA + NPK treatment, a factor attributed to the controlled release promoted by the treatment. Effectively, HEDTA has proven to be an excellent substrate for the slow release and retention of water in the soil, reducing fertilizer leaching, as well as being nontoxic, biodegradable in the soil, and environmentally friendly.

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Controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizers: A review on bio‐based and smart coating materials

Mendonca Cidreira,

Wei,

Aldekhail

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Modern society demands transitioning to sustainable agriculture to alleviate environmental effects. Traditional nitrogen fertilizers, like urea, lead to undesirable leaching, runoff losses, and low nutrient use efficiency in crops upon contact with water. Controlled‐release fertilizers (CRFs) present a promising solution by mitigating nutrient loss and enhancing plant uptake. However, concerns arise with synthetic polymer‐coated fertilizers, as they may not degrade in soil and can impact microbial activity. This review focuses on bio‐based coatings for CRFs, summarizing their performance over the past decade in the release properties in water and soil, water retention, biodegradability, and evaluating their efficacy in greenhouse and field trials. Additionally, the review explores innovative strategies for smart coating materials in CRF development, including pH‐sensitive, thermos‐sensitive, enzymatic‐sensitive, and self‐healing technologies. This critical evaluation aims to promote the development of more effective and sustainable fertilizers for agriculture.

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Novel water‐soluble polymer coatings controlNPKrelease rate, improve soil quality and maize productivity

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

Potassium Plus Biopolymer Coating Controls Nitrogen Dynamics of Urea in Soil and Increases Wheat Production

Potassium Plus Biopolymer Coating Controls Nitrogen Dynamics of Urea in Soil and Increases Wheat Production

Renewable Source Hydrogel as a Substrate of Controlled Release of NPK Fertilizers for Sustainable Management of Eucalyptus urograndis: Field Study

Controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizers: A review on bio‐based and smart coating materials

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