Novel wet-digestion procedure for trace-metal analysis of coal by atomic absorption

Hartstein, A.M.; Freedman, Robert W.; Platter, D. W.

doi:10.1021/ac60325a052

Cited by 52 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Practically all the chemical methods of coal analysis depend on the ashing of coal as a first step before the dissolution; however, there are a few references where attempts have been made to dissolve the coal without any pretreatment. These include reflux heating of coal with oxidizing acid mixtures such as HC104 + HI04 (12) and HN03 + H2S04 (13), or in a Parr bomb with aqua regia + HF (9), or with fuming HN03 (14). These methods have the disadvantage of either incomplete dissolution or losses of certain volatile elements due to too vigorous dissolution conditions, plus contamination from the acids used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multitechnique multielemental analysis of coal and fly ash

Nadkarni¹

1980

Anal. Chem.

105

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The coal sample is first ashed with high temperature ashing or with RF plasma low temperature ashing. The coal ash or fly ash can be analyzed for major ash elements by fusing with lithium tetraborate in an automatic fusion device, the Claisse Fluxer. The ash samples are also dissolved in a Parr bomb in a mixture of aqua regia and HF. Subsequently, the solutions are analyzed for eight major (AI, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, and Ti) and 20 trace elements (As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, U, V, and Zn) by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Mercury in coal and fly ash is determined on a separate aliquot by the cold vapor atomic absorption technique. Fluorine and chlorine in the samples are determined by fusing with Na,CO, and Eschka mixture, respectively, and then measuring the two ions In solution with specific ion electrodes. Oxygen in the samples can be determined rapidly and nondestructively by 14-MeV neutron activation analysis. These methods have been tested by analyzing several NBS coal and fly ash standards with good accuracy and reproducibility.Oil and gas a t present supply three-fourths of the energy used in the United States. In spite of the increasing conservation measures taken, our import of these materials is steadily on the rise. However, the supply of these hydrocarbon fuels worldwide is expected to decline in the foreseeable future.T h e only practical alternative energy supplies a t present are nuclear energy and coal.T h e world reserves of coal far exceed those of any other fossil fuel and are sufficient to support a massive increase in consumption well into the future. It is estimated that the United States has 1.7 trillion tons of coal ( I ) . Despite these massive reserves, however, the amount of coal used in this country has remained almost constant a t about 600 million tons per year for the past few years ( 2 ) . One of the chief reasons for this lack of coal utilization is the environmental concern as to how much increase in atmospheric pollution will take place by burning increased amounts of coal.Coal is a fairly "dirty" fuel and contains large amounts of many inorganic elements. At the same time, there are wide variations in the trace elements content of coal seams even within a single mine. Hence, it is important to have reliable analytical methods which can monitor the inorganic constituents a t various stages of coal production and utilization. Since as many elements as possible need to be monitored in the coal products, it is desirable to have multielement rather than single element techniques.The need for the standardization of the analytical methodology and availability of analytical standards was illustrated by the U S . Environmental Protection Agency's round robin analysis of four fuel matrices for 28 elements in nine laboratories (3). Same samples of coal, fly ash, fuel oil, and gasoline were analyzed for 28 elements in nine laboratories by a variety of analytical techniques -neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrophoto...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multitechnique multielemental analysis of coal and fly ash

Nadkarni¹

1980

Anal. Chem.

105

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“…Water retention was determined by the method of Klute (1982). Total analysis of the original lime-fiber mulch material and a combined sample of the untreated refuse was determined by ICP and AA spectroscopy after high temperature HF digestion (Hartstein et al, 1973). The Neutrali:zation potential of the lime-fiber mulch material was estimated by treating the sample with an excess of HCl followed by back titration with NaOH (Sobek et al, 1978).…”

Section: Satqplinand and Labnratozy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclamation of Coal Refuse With a Papermill Sludge Amendment

Li¹,

Daniels²

1997

ASMR

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Reclamation of coal refuse is difficult due to the harsh growing conditions resulting from the refuse's unfavorable chemical and physical properties. This research program focused on the utilization potential of a papermill sludge produced by the Mead Paper Company in Kingsport, Tenn., which consisted primarily of a mixture of waste wood fiber, lime, kaolin, and traces of fly ash. A field experiment was initiated in 1992. Loading rates were o, 112, 224 Mg ha• 1 for the papermill sludge and 0, 112, 224, and 336 kg ha•' for N. Our results suggest that the N-fertilizer additions gave a short-term boost to biomass production, suppressed legume growth. and resulted in a higher yield and thicker vegetation cover in the first year. From the second year on, however, the vegetation on the papermill sludge plots was superior to that on the O sludge plots across all N rates, suggesting that papermill sludge did not lead to excessive Nimmobilu.ation as expected. By contributing organic matter, acid-neutralization potential, and light color, the papermill sludge significantly improved the refuse pH. increased the available P, increased the water holding capacity, and decreased the refuse temperature during the summer; all of which were beneficial to establishment and maintenance of vegetation. The addition of papermill sludge also improved leachate quality. Thus, a proper combination ofN-fertilizer and papermill sludge, for example, 112 kg ha•' N and 112 Mg ha•' sludge, is recommended in addition to balanced P and K fertilization.

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“…HCl-HNOa (12), HN03-K2C104 (13,14), and HN03-H-C104 (15). An acid digestion bomb (16)(17)(18)(19) was suggested as having the most potential of being the "universal" dissolution method, since elements such as As, Se, and Cr which can volatize when heated are retained in the bomb. Several preparation procedures were tested, including various acid digestions, bomb digestions, and base fusions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis for trace elements in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pilot power plant effluents

Te¹,

Ej²,

Da³

et al. 1984

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Novel wet-digestion procedure for trace-metal analysis of coal by atomic absorption

Abstract: Research was carried out as part of a study on the phosphorimetric analysis of drugs in blood and urine, supported by a U.S. Public Health Service Grant (GM-11373-10).

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Multitechnique multielemental analysis of coal and fly ash

Multitechnique multielemental analysis of coal and fly ash

Reclamation of Coal Refuse With a Papermill Sludge Amendment

Analysis for trace elements in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pilot power plant effluents

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