Novelty and fear conditioning induced gene expression in high and low states of anxiety

Donley, Melanie P.; Rosen, Jeffrey B.

doi:10.1101/lm.044289.116

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…This expression is likely not required for the acquisition or consolidation of the context representation, as intra-amygdala NMDAR antagonism or anisomycin administration during context preexposure has no effect on the CPFE (Huff & Rudy, 2004; Matus-Amat et al, 2007). Our findings are consistent with prior work demonstrating that novelty (e.g., during novel context exposure or handling) drives gene expression in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (Alberini, 2009; Asok et al, 2013; Donley & Rosen, 2017; Rosen et al, 1998). Following training with or without a post-shock freezing test, BLA c-Fos , Arc , Egr-1 , and Npas4 expression was significantly elevated in the Pre and Alt-Pre groups above HC baseline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Differential expression of the immediate early genes c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1, and Npas4 during long-term memory formation in the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE)

Heroux

Osborne

Miller

et al. 2018

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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The context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in which learning about the context, acquiring the context-shock association, and retrieving/expressing contextual fear are temporally dissociated into three distinct phases (context preexposure, immediate-shock training, and retention). The current study examined changes in the expression of plasticity-associated immediate early genes (IEGs) during context and contextual fear memory formation on the preexposure and training days of the CPFE, respectively. Using adolescent Long-Evans rats, preexposure and training day expression of the IEGs c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1, and Npas4 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), and basolateral amygdala (BLA) was analyzed using qPCR as an extension of previous studies from our lab examining Egr-1 via in situ hybridization (Asok, Schreiber, Jablonski, Rosen, & Stanton, 2013; Schreiber, Asok, Jablonski, Rosen, & Stanton, 2014). In Expt. 1, context preexposure induced expression of c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1 and Npas4 significantly above that of home-cage (HC) controls in all three regions. In Expt. 2, immediate-shock was followed by a post-shock freezing test, resulting in increased mPFC c-Fos expression in a group preexposed to the training context but not a control group preexposed to an alternate context, indicating expression related to associative learning. This was not seen with other IEGs in mPFC or with any IEG in dHPC or BLA. Finally, when the post-shock freezing test was omitted in Expt. 3, training-related increases were observed in prefrontal c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1, and Npas4, hippocampal c-Fos, and amygdalar Egr-1 expression. These results indicate that context exposure in a post-shock freezing test re-engages IEG expression that may obscure associatively-induced expression during contextual fear conditioning. Additionally, these studies suggest a key role for long-term synaptic plasticity in the mPFC in supporting the CPFE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Differential expression of the immediate early genes c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1, and Npas4 during long-term memory formation in the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE)

Heroux

Osborne

Miller

et al. 2018

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…CA extracts and their active compounds have known anxiolytic effects [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Reducing anxiety during the CFR test should either reduce fear acquisition [ 17 , 18 ] or have no effect [ 19 ]. However, in this study we observed an increase in fear response with all treatments in male 5XFAD mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeoylquinic Acids in Centella asiatica Reverse Cognitive Deficits in Male 5XFAD Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice

et al. 2020

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Centella asiatica (CA) is an edible plant and a popular botanical dietary supplement. It is reputed, in Ayurveda, to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. There is a considerable body of preclinical literature supporting CA’s ability to improve learning and memory. This study evaluated the contribution of CA’s triterpenes (TT), widely considered its active compounds, and caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) to the cognitive effects of CA water extract (CAW) in 5XFAD mice, a model of Alzheimer’s disease. 5XFAD mice were fed a control diet alone, or one containing 1% CAW or compound groups (TT, CQA, or TT + CQA) equivalent to their content in 1% CAW. Wild-type (WT) littermates received the control diet. Conditioned fear response (CFR) was evaluated after 4.5 weeks. Female 5XFAD controls showed no deficit in CFR compared to WT females, nor any effects from treatment. In males, CFR of 5XFAD controls was attenuated compared to WT littermates (p = 0.005). 5XFAD males receiving CQA or TT + CQA had significantly improved CFR (p < 0.05) compared to 5XFAD male controls. CFR did not differ between 5XFAD males receiving treatment diets and WT males. These data confirm a role for CQA in CAW’s cognitive effects.

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“…Interestingly, recent studies have blurred the classic distinction between the innate and adaptive immune systems as well (110,111). This idea notwithstanding, more complex forms of learning, such as classical or operant conditioning, may utilize circuits that are parallel to those that mediate innate forms of the modified behavior, as shown in the case of conditioned vs. unconditioned fear (112)(113)(114). In this context, it is worth noting that mice can learn an instrumental, operant response using successful aggressive encounters as a reinforcer (115), and that performance of this instrumental task is facilitated by optogenetic activation of VMHvl neurons (116).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience-dependent plasticity in an innate social behavior is mediated by hypothalamic LTP

Stagkourakis

Spigolon

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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All animals can perform certain survival behaviors without prior experience, suggesting a “hard wiring” of underlying neural circuits. Experience, however, can alter the expression of innate behaviors. Where in the brain and how such plasticity occurs remains largely unknown. Previous studies have established the phenomenon of “aggression training,” in which the repeated experience of winning successive aggressive encounters across multiple days leads to increased aggressiveness. Here we show that this procedure also leads to long-term potentiation (LTP) at an excitatory synapse, derived from the Anterior Hippocampus/Posterior Medial amygdala (AHiPM), onto estrogen receptor 1-expressing (Esr1+) neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl). We demonstrate further that the optogenetic induction of such LTP in vivo facilitates, while optogenetic long-term depression (LTD) diminishes, the behavioral effect of aggression training, implying a causal role for potentiation at AHiPM➔VMHvlEsr1 synapses in mediating the effect of this training. Interestingly, ∼25% of inbred C57BL/6 mice fail to respond to aggression training. We show that these individual differences are correlated both with lower levels of testosterone, relative to mice that respond to such training, and with a failure to exhibit LTP in vivo after aggression training. Administration of exogenous testosterone to such non-aggressive mice restores both behavioral and physiological plasticity in vivo. Together, these findings reveal that LTP at a hypothalamic circuit node mediates a form of experience-dependent plasticity in an innate social behavior, and a potential hormone-dependent basis for individual differences in such plasticity among genetically identical mice.Significance StatementModification of instinctive behaviors occurs through experience, yet the mechanisms through which this happens have remained largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that potentiation of aggression, an innate behavior, can occur through repeated winning of aggressive encounters. Here we show that synaptic plasticity at a specific excitatory input to a hypothalamic cell population is correlated with, and required for, the expression of increasingly higher levels of aggressive behavior following successful aggressive experience. We additionally show that the amplitude and persistence of long-term potentiation at this synapse are influenced by serum testosterone, administration of which can normalize individual differences among genetically identical inbred mice, in the expression of intermale aggression.

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Novelty and fear conditioning induced gene expression in high and low states of anxiety

Cited by 8 publications

References 126 publications

Differential expression of the immediate early genes c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1, and Npas4 during long-term memory formation in the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE)

Differential expression of the immediate early genes c-Fos, Arc, Egr-1, and Npas4 during long-term memory formation in the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE)

Caffeoylquinic Acids in Centella asiatica Reverse Cognitive Deficits in Male 5XFAD Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice

Experience-dependent plasticity in an innate social behavior is mediated by hypothalamic LTP

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