Novelty in Phylogeny of Gastrotricha: Evidence from 18S rRNA Gene

Wirz, Annarita; Pucciarelli, Sandra; Miceli, Cristina; Tongiorgi, Paolo; Balsamo, Maria

doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0650

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Gnathostomulida and Neodasys were chosen as outgroups because they have figured prominently in previous phylogenetic discussions featuring macrodasyidan gastrotrichs (Rieger & Rieger 1977;Ruppert 1982;. Chuetonotus was chosen as the third outgroup based on the results of a previous molecular study of several gastrotrichs (Wirz et al 1999). In our study, phylogenetic trees were constructed from a morphological data set consisting of 33 characters and 33 taxa (Tables 1, 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few morphologists have attempted to reconstruct relationships within the phylum (Ruppert 1982;Travis 1983) or to reconstruct its ground patterns (reproductive system of specific families, Ruppert 1978a,b;myoepithelial pharynx, Ruppest 1982;muscle, Travis 1983;protonephridia, Neuhaus 1987). A single molecular study using 18s rRNA sequences found a paraphyletic Chaetonotida-2 macrodasyidans clustered with 3 chaetonotids (Wirz et al 1999). To date, only one computer-assisted cladistic analysis has been performed using morphological characters (Hochberg & Litvaitis 2000a), confirming monophyly of the phylum, orders, and many families.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha): a cladistic analysis of morphology

Hochberg

Litvaitis

2001

Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. A cladistic analysis based on 33 morphological characters was performed for the 3 I genera currently assigned to the order Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha). Outgroup analysis indicated that the order is monophyletic and that it is defined by the structure of the pharynx and the complex distribution of duo-gland adhesive organs. Of the 6 currently recognized families in Macrodasyida, our analysis confirmed that 4 families are monophyletic: Dactylopodolidae, Macrodasyidae, Thaumastodermatidae and Turbanellidae. Dactylopodolidae was further confirmed as the most basal family within the order based on the retention of several plesiomorphies. The other three families have well-defined autapomorphies but will require further investigation to increase inter-and intrafamilial phylogenetic resolution. Planodasyidae appeared to be a paraphyletic taxon with no obvious autapomorphies; genera clustered among members of a polyphyletic family, Lepidodasyidae. We recommend that future research on macrodasyidan phylogeny focus on issues of comparative morphology and ultrastructure in lesser-known taxa such as the Dactylopodolidae, and on the taxa Lepidodasyidae and Planodasyidae. Additional key words: phylogeny, aschelmmthesGastrotrichs are free-living, microscopic invertebrates with a worldwide distribution in freshwater, estuarine, and marine benthic habitats. Most gastrotrichs are less than 1 mm long as adults and move predominantly by ciliary action. Marine forms inhabit sediment interstices of coastal beaches and continental shelves, while freshwater gastrotrichs lead an epiphytic or semiplanktonic existence (Hummon 1982). Gastrotrichs are common members of the nieiobenthos and are often found in association with other microscopic fauna, such as nematodes, turbellarians, and harpacticoid copepods. In intertidal habitats, marine gastrotrichs are occasionally one of the numerically most abundant groups of meiofauna (Hochberg 1999).The 61 genera and 525 described species of Gastrotricha are divided between the two orders Chaetonotida and Macrodasyida. The principal criteria for distinguishing the orders include general body shape, distribution of adhesive tubules, orientation of the pharyngeal lumen, and the presence of pharyngeal pores (Ruppert 199 I ). Chaetonotidans are distributed equally among freshwater and marine habitats, generally have a ten-pin body shape, are hermaphroditic andlor parthenogenic, most with an adhesive tube at each tip of a caudal furca. Macrodasyidans are predominantly ma-" Author for correspondence. E-mail: rickh@cisunix.unh.edu rine, hermaphroditic worms with a more elongate body and a complex distribution of adhesive tubes. While far from speciose, gastrotrichs show remarkable morphological diversity on a simple vermiform body plan. Ultrastructural studies have contributed a wealth of information on the complexities of body wall structure

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha): a cladistic analysis of morphology

Hochberg

Litvaitis

2001

Invertebrate Biology

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“…Initial DNA sequence-based cladistic analyses or combined morphological and molecular studies revealed successively the paraphyly of Paucitubulatina (Wirz et al 1999; Fig. 1.53 B), the paraphyly of Macrodasyida (Zrzavý 2003;Fig.…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scenario is also congruent with late systematization of the Gastrotricha (Remane 1936, d'Hondt 1971. (B) Relationships according to neighbor joining tree of Wirz et al (1999).…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

1. Gastrotricha

Kieneke¹,

Schmidt‐Rhaesa²

2014

Gastrotricha and Gnathifera

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“…Molecular studies of the interrelationships of Chaetonotida have so far suffered from poor taxon sampling and few included terminals (Wirz et al, 1999;Todaro et al, 2003Todaro et al, , 2006Zrzavý, 2003;Manylov et al, 2004) and are all based on the 18S rDNA gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A phylogenetic approach to species delimitation in freshwater Gastrotricha from Sweden

2011

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Gastrotricha is a cosmopolitan group ofaquatic invertebrates. To date, approximately 765species have been described. This study is the first todeal with species delimitation and cryptic species offreshwater Gastrotricha. Three commonly encounteredspecies, Heterolepidoderma ocellatum, Lepidochaetuszelinkai, and Lepidodermella squamata, areinvestigated for cryptic speciation. Most of thematerial is based on Swedish specimens but closelyrelated species from other parts of the world are alsoincluded. Taxonomic revisions are supported byphylogenies based on 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, andCOI mtDNA of freshwater Chaetonotidae from severalgenera and inferred from Bayesian and maximumlikelihood approaches. Heterolepidoderma ocellatumf. sphagnophilum is raised to species level, under thename H. acidophilum n. sp. Moreover, genetic databased on COI indicate large variation between twomorphologically very similar groups of Lepidodermellasquamata. The extent of cryptic speciation inL. zelinkai appears low. Based on the phylogenetichypothesis presented in this article, the new species,Lepidodermella intermedia n. sp., from northernSweden is also described. The phylogenetic hypothesisgenerated shows that Chaetonotidae is a nonmonophyleticgroup

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Novelty in Phylogeny of Gastrotricha: Evidence from 18S rRNA Gene

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha): a cladistic analysis of morphology

Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha): a cladistic analysis of morphology

1. Gastrotricha

A phylogenetic approach to species delimitation in freshwater Gastrotricha from Sweden

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