November 08, 2019 Turkmanchay earthquake (Mw: 5.9) in NW Iran: an assessment of the earthquake using DInSAR time-series and field evidence

Landscape response to deformation in the Sabalan area, NW Iran: Inferred from quantitative morphological and structural analysis

“…The right-lateral fault array is active in NW Iran and allows for shortening within the tip of the Arabian promontory (Copley & Jackson 2006;Allen 2010), which has had an essential role in developing surface processes during the Quaternary (e.g., Karakhanian et al 2004;Solaymani Azad et al 2019;Saber et al 2021). The main lateral movement of the crust is accommodated by NW-SE-(e.g., the Tabriz fault zone), N-S-(e.g., the Talesh and Sangavar fault zones), E-W-(e.g., the North and South Bozgush fault zones) and NE-SW-(e.g., the Aras fault zone) striking fault zones, which have produced many destructive earthquakes during historical and instrumental periods (e.g., Berberian 1997;Berberian & Yeats 1999;Hessami et al 2003; Karakhanian et al Moradi et al 2011;Rizza et al 2013;Isik et al 2021). The formation of seismogenic faults, such as the left-lateral strike-slip fault during the 1997 Golestan earthquake east of Sabalan volcano, indicates the dynamism of the Earth's crust in this region.…”

“…2013; Isik et al . 2021). The formation of seismogenic faults, such as the left-lateral strike-slip fault during the 1997 Golestan earthquake east of Sabalan volcano, indicates the dynamism of the Earth's crust in this region.…”

“…1b). The strike-slip faults in NW Iran have been proposed to represent the northern boundary of the Iranian-Caledonian palaeorelief (e.g., the Tabriz fault zone; Nabavi 1974), the borders of the mountain belts (e.g., the North and South Bozgush fault zones; Saber et al 2018;Isik et al , 2021, tear faults accommodating differential displacement between two adjacent segments of the belt (e.g., the Sangavar fault; Solaymani Azad et al 2019) and the boundary between two different tectonic blocks (the Aras fault zone; Saber et al 2020Saber et al , 2021.…”

“…The Turkish-Iranian Plateau, which is sometimes described as two separate areas with different tectono-geomorphic features referred to as the Iranian and Anatolian Plateaus (e.g., Ballato et al 2013;Khodaparast et al 2020), includes a large number of intra-plate deformation zones formed as a result of the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian Plates (e.g., S ¸engör & Kidd 1979;Jackson 1992;Agard et al 2005;Allen et al 2006;Reilinger et al 2006;Isik et al 2014;Caglayan et al 2019;Solaymani Azad et al 2019;Saber et al 2021). In addition, plate boundaries and significant areas of intra-plate deformation are found in NW Iran, including numerous large-scale active fault zones (e.g., Masson et al 2006;Berberian 2014;Solaymani Azad et al 2019;Isik et al 2021;Niassarifard et al 2021;Saber et al 2021) (Fig. 1b).…”

“…2018; Isik et al . 2019, 2021), tear faults accommodating differential displacement between two adjacent segments of the belt (e.g., the Sangavar fault; Solaymani Azad et al . 2019) and the boundary between two different tectonic blocks (the Aras fault zone; Saber et al .…”