Novice Supervisees' Self‐Evaluations and Their Perceptions of Supervisor Style

Abstract

Multiple regression analyses of data obtained for 36 counseling supervision dyads indicated that attractiveness, an aspect of supervisory style, was negatively associated with supervisees' self-evaluations and positively associated with the difference between trainees' and supervisors' evaluations of counseling competence at the end of the 1st practicum experience. Supervisors' interpersonal sensitivity and task orientation were not found to contribute significantly to either of the criterion variables.Supervisees' accurate self-evaluation of work with clients has been identified as an important outcome of successful counseling supervision (Bernard & Goodyear, 1998;Borders et al., 1991;Elks & Kirkhart, 1993;Perlesz, Stolk, & Firestone. 1990). Accurate self-evaluation of counseling competency has been empirically linked with counselor self-efficacy. the degree to which individuals perceive themselves to be able to orchestrate and continuously improvise multiple subskills to manage ever-changing circumstances in sessions with clients (Daniels. 1997;Larson. 1998;Larson. Cardwell, & Majors. 1996;Larson & Daniels, 1998Larson et al .. 1993. The concept of self-efficacy includes knowing what to do and having a level of judgment of how well one can effectivelyrespond to prospective situations (Bandura, 1982). SupeIVisees who most accurately self-evaluate tend to approach future therapeutic relationships confidently. Given this association. a clear understanding is imperative of the variables within supervision that influence supervtsees' ability to accurately self-evaluate. SugervisoEX; S!X'le! SU2ervision Process~and OutcomeSupervisory style is the manner through which supervisors exhibit attractiveness. task orientation. and interpersonal senstttv-

Snapshot of Clinical Supervision in Counseling and Counselor Education

“…Like Ladany, Marotta et al (2001), Fernando and Hulse-Killacky concluded that supervisors need to be proficient in all three styles and be flexible in their use. Steward, Breland, and Neil (2001) explored the influence of novice supervisees' preferences for supervisor style on their self-evaluations. The supervisees (n = 36, mostly White females) completed a non-standardized counselor competence rating scale at the end of the semester.…”

Perceptions of Individual, Triadic, and Group Models of Supervision

“…Extensive literature exists on the perceptions of supervisees regarding the supervision process and relationship (Ladany, Ellis, & Friedlander, 1999;Ladany, Walker, & Melincoff, 2001;Pearson, 2000;Schlosser & Gelso, 2001;Steward, Breland, & Neil, 2001;Sumerel & Borders, 1996). Very little is known, however, regarding the effects of different models of supervision.…”

Styles of Counselor Supervision as Perceived by Supervisors and Supervisees

“…The term style was used in the present study and is in agreement with the conceptualization of Ladany,Walker,and Melincoff (200 1), whose definition of supervision styles includes not only the "distinctive manner of responding to supervisees" but also the "different approaches the supervisors use" (p. 263). A line of research has identified support and direction as supervisor behavior that underlies all of the various styles of supervision (Bernard, 1997;Blocher, 1983;Holloway & Hosford, 1983;Steward, Breland, & Neil, 2001;Stoltenberg et al, 1998;Worthington & Roehlke, 1979). Support refers to those behaviors that show empathy and build rapport with the supervisee.…”