‘Now the German comes’: The ethnic effect of gentrification in Berlin

Abstract

Compared to the United States, the relationship between ethnicity and gentrification is still understudied in the Western European context. However, while Western Europe does not have the same racial history as the United States, ethnic and racial divisions are still expressed through urban inequality. This paper, a study of small-business owners in an ethnically stigmatized Berlin neighborhood, shows how the gentrification process leads to the revelation and reification of ethnic boundaries between Turkish immigrants and their descendants and the so-called German majority society. It firstly finds that gentrification by Turkish-origin business owners is frequently understood as an ethnic remake that leads to the displacement of Turkish immigrants and their families in favor of non-immigrant Germans. The gentrification process is accordingly perceived, not only as a form of material dispossession, but also as a form of cultural dispossession in which the multicultural character of the quarter is erased. Second, the paper postulates that, in cases in which Turkish immigrant entrepreneurs adapt their businesses to the demands of new middle-class consumers, they tend to exclude the lower-income population in the quarter whom they mainly define as Turkish or Arabic. All in all, the debate presented in this paper shows how, in the German context, gentrification relates to prior forms of ethnic prejudice, discrimination and racism. It thereby also complicates the prominent discussion on the nexus between gentrification and displacement by showing that, even if long-time residents are not immediately threatened with having to leave, they still experience forms of exclusion that are entrenched with already existing structural inequalities.

Accommodation for profit, not for refugees: Racial capitalism and the logics of Berlin’s refugee accommodation market

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The role of schools in the de- and revalorization of stigmatized neighborhoods: The case of Berlin-Neukölln

“…The district of Neukölln has a long history of heavy territorial stigmatization (Huning & Schuster, 2015;Kadıoğlu Polat, 2020;Lanz, 2007;Soederberg, 2017). The stigma around Neukölln is "nationalized and democratized" Wacquant, 2014Wacquant, , p. 1273 in the sense that it is recognized and internalized across different segments of German society.…”

How tracking gets under the skin: German education system and social consciousness of Turkish descent students in basic secondary school tracks

“…Indeed, substantial ethnic segregation has existed across both workplaces and residential locations and has remained relatively stable over the last 30 years. Such segregation has ethnicized the labor force in Germany by proletarianizing the image of Turkish immigrants, generating various implications for both them and their descendants in multiple fields (such as education, housing, and the labor market) (Çelik, 2019; Polat, 2020; Witte, 2018).…”