Now you see it: Genome methylation makes a comeback in Drosophila

Boffelli, Dario; Takayama, Sachiko; Martin, David I. K.

doi:10.1002/bies.201400097

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We could detect the distribution of methylated cytosine in pole cells of embryo ( Figure 5). Our observations corroborate with restricted distribution of methylated cytosine hypothesis of Boffelli et al 50 . Recently the importance of DNA methylation and Dmnt-2 mediated epigenetic regulation has been shown in WolbachiaDrosophila model system 51 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…melanogaster lacks both DNMT1 and DNMT3 genes and has a sparingly methylated genome. The role of DNMT-2 in methylation of D. melanogaster has been a matter of considerable debate 19,20,24,25,50 . It has been suggested that DNMT2 is indeed an RNA methyltransferase that uses a DNA methyltransferase type of mechanism 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MeDIP followed by qPCR results suggest less than 1% efficiency of methyl DNA immunoprecipitation of particular genomic loci (Table 3). It has always been suggested that genomic methylation is present in D. melanogaster in small quantities and in unusual patterns 39,50 . Furthermore, it has also been hypothesized that 5-methyl cytosine might be restricted to subset of nuclei 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has always been suggested that genomic methylation is present in D. melanogaster in small quantities and in unusual patterns 39,50 . Furthermore, it has also been hypothesized that 5-methyl cytosine might be restricted to subset of nuclei 50 . We could detect the distribution of methylated cytosine in pole cells of embryo ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA Methylation Changes in a Gene-Specific Manner in Different Developmental Stages of Drosophila melanogaster

Panikar¹,

Paingankar²,

Deshmukh³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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Although genomic DNA of Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to contain little cytosine methylation, the distribution of this genome-wide methylation patterns in different life stages remains to be elucidated. We have developed an immunochemical method using cDNA microarray to assess methylation. In the present work, this methylation microarray method was employed to identify DNA methylation in and around the genes in different life stages of D. melanogaster. This led to the identification of methylated genes in three stages of D. melanogaster, viz. embryo, pupa and adult. It is noteworthy that there was differential methylation in genes in different life cycle stages. Remarkably, a few functional annotation clusters showed negative correlation between transcription of a particular gene and its methylation status. In this analysis, some of the genes attributed to characteristic biological processes of particular life stage in D. melanogaster were found to be methylated in other life stages. Our analysis while providing a methylation map also suggests that gene-specific DNA methylation is altered during the life cycle stages of D. melanogaster. Keywords:Developmental regulation, DNA methylation, Drosophila development, epigenetics, gene-specific methylation, 5 methyl cytosine.DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of several molecular processes in an eukaryotic system. Methylation plays an important role in gene silencing 1,2 , chromatin remodelling 3 and repression of transposon activity 4 . In vertebrates, X chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting are influenced by DNA methylation, wherein these phenomena are essential for the normal development of an organism. Invertebrates such as insects show significantly distinct life stages and developmental stagespecific regulation of gene expression which plays a crucial role in the transitions between differentiated lifehistory stages. Many research groups have emphasized the presence of DNA methylation in invertebrates and have advocated that DNA methylation might be the mechanism for developmental gene regulation involved in life cycle transition [5][6][7][8][9][10] . The genome-wide DNA methylation maps of insects like Drosophila melanogaster 9 , Bombyx mori 11 , Solenopsis invicta 12 and Apis mellifera 13,14 have been generated using whole genome bisulphite sequencing. Therefore it is important to study whether these methylation signatures play an important role in life cycle processes in invertebrates.Though Drosophila lacks the canonical DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, the presence of very low levels of DNA methylation has been reported in D. melanogaster [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Presence of methylated DNA has been a controversial issue since few reports suggest that D. melanogaster lacks DNA methylation and DNMT2 is indeed an RNA methyltransferase that uses a DNA methyltransferase type of mechanism [23][24][25] . Capuano et al. 19 employed a sensitive LC-MS/MS method to report the presence of 0.034% cytosine DNA methylation in D. melanogaster...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

DNA Methylation Changes in a Gene-Specific Manner in Different Developmental Stages of Drosophila melanogaster

Panikar¹,

Paingankar²,

Deshmukh³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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“…(2004) and Boffelli et al. (2014) on Drosophila , Zemach et al. (2010) on flour beetles, and Walsh et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome methylation patterns across castes and generations in a parasitoid wasp

Shaham

Ben‐Shlomo

Motro

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Environmental influences shape phenotypes within and across generations, often through DNA methylations that modify gene expression. Methylations were proposed to mediate caste and task allocation in some eusocial insects, but how an insect's environment affects DNA methylation in its offspring is yet unknown. We characterized parental effects on methylation profiles in the polyembryonic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma koehleri, as well as methylation patterns associated with its simple caste system. We used methylation‐sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism (MS‐AFLP) to compare methylation patterns, among (1) reproductive and soldier larvae; and (2) offspring (larvae, pupae, and adults) of wasps that were reared at either high or low larval density and mated in the four possible combinations. Methylation frequencies were similar across castes, but the profiles of methylated fragments differed significantly. Parental rearing density did not affect methylation frequencies in the offspring at any developmental stage. Principal coordinate analysis indicated no significant differences in methylation profiles among the four crossbreeding groups and the three developmental stages. Nevertheless, a clustering analysis, performed on a subset of the fragments, revealed similar methylation patterns in larvae, pupae, and adults in two of the four parental crosses. Nine fragments were methylated at two cytosine sites in all larvae, and five others were methylated at two sites in all adults. Thus, DNA methylations correlate with within‐generation phenotypic plasticity due to caste. However, their association with developmental stage and with transgenerational epigenetic effects is not clearly supported.

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N⁶‐methyladenine functions as a potential epigenetic mark in eukaryotes

et al. 2015

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N(6)-methyladenine (6mA) is one of the most abundant types of DNA methylation, and plays an important role in bacteria; however, its roles in higher eukaryotes, such as plants, insects, and mammals, have been considered less important. Recent studies highlight that 6mA does indeed occur, and that it plays an important role in eukaryotes, such as worm, fly, and green algae, and thus the regulation of 6mA has emerged as a novel epigenetic mechanism in higher eukaryotes. Despite this intriguing development, a number of important issues regarding its biological roles are yet to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the 5mC and 6mA modifications in terms of their production, distribution, and the erasure of 6mA in higher eukaryotes including mammals. We perform an analysis of the potential functions of 6mA, hence widening understanding of this new epigenetic mark in higher eukaryotes, and suggesting future studies in this field.

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Now you see it: Genome methylation makes a comeback in Drosophila

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

DNA Methylation Changes in a Gene-Specific Manner in Different Developmental Stages of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

DNA Methylation Changes in a Gene-Specific Manner in Different Developmental Stages of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Genome methylation patterns across castes and generations in a parasitoid wasp

N⁶‐methyladenine functions as a potential epigenetic mark in eukaryotes

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Now you see it: Genome methylation makes a comeback in Drosophila

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

DNA Methylation Changes in a Gene-Specific Manner in Different Developmental Stages of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

DNA Methylation Changes in a Gene-Specific Manner in Different Developmental Stages of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Genome methylation patterns across castes and generations in a parasitoid wasp

N6‐methyladenine functions as a potential epigenetic mark in eukaryotes

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N⁶‐methyladenine functions as a potential epigenetic mark in eukaryotes