NOx detection using the electrolysis of water vapour in a YSZ cell Part I. NOx detection

Hibino, Takeshi; Kuwahara, Yu; Otsuka, Takahiro; Ishida, Naoya; Oshima, T.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00538-9

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is most expedient to monitor the concentration of harmful components in exhaust gases with the help of portable gas analyzers (Hibino et al, 1998).…”

Section: Materials and Methods / Materijali I Metodementioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Ensuring the Environmental Performance of Marine Diesel Engines

Sagin¹,

Kuropyatnyk²

2018

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SummaryThe article deals with the operational features of internal combustion engines of marine vessels during their operation in special environmental areas -Nitrogen Oxide Emission Control Areas. According to the requirements of Annex VI MARPOL, during the operation of marine diesel engines in these areas the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases should be less than 3.4 g/(kW×h). The article touches upon the possible technical measures to ensure the maintenance of the required level of nitrogen oxide emissions in the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines. The authors propose to use an exhaust gas recirculation system, with a certain amount of gases supplied back to the cylinder after preliminary cooling and mixing with air, which reduces the maximum combustion temperature to values that prevent the formation of nitrogen oxides. The experiment proved that the recirculation of exhaust gases in the 4.7 ... 18.8% range helps to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases by 19.5 ... 48.8%. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure values that meet the requirements of international organizations aimed at protecting the air from pollution and allowing the use of marine vessels in areas of increased environmental control. SažetakČlanak se bavi operativnim značajkama brodskih motora s unutarnjim izgaranjem u posebnim područjima zaštite okoliša -područja kontrole emisija dušikovih oksida. Prema odredbama Priloga VI. MARPOL konvencije, tijekom rada brodskih dizelskih motora, u posebnim područjima sadržaj dušikovih oksida u ispušnim plinovima ne smije prelaziti 3,4 g/(kW×h). Članak se bavi potencijalnim tehničkim mjerama za održavanje određene razine emisija dušikovih oksida u ispušnim plinovima brodskih dizelskih motora. Autori predlažu uporabu sustava recirkulacije ispušnih plinova s određenom količinom plinova koji se vraćaju u cilindar nakon prethodnog hlađenja i miješanja sa zrakom, što smanjuje najvišu temperaturu izgaranja do vrijednosti koje sprječavaju stvaranje dušikovih oksida. Pokus je potvrdio da recirkulacija ispušnih plinova u rasponu od 4,7 do 18,8 % pomaže pri smanjenju koncentracije dušikovih oksida u ispušnim plinovima za 19,5 do 48,8 %. istodobno je potrebno osigurati vrijednosti koje su u skladu s propisima međunarodnih organizacija s ciljem zaštite zraka od onečišćenja i uporabe brodskih motora u područjima povećane kontrole okoliša. KEY WORDSlow-speed marine diesel environmental performance of a diesel engine concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases exhaust gas recirculation effective power specific fuel oil consumption KLJUČNE RIJEČI sporohodni brodski dizelski motori skrb za okoliš dizelskih motora koncentracija dušikovih oksida u ispušnim plinovima recirkulacija ispušnih plinova efektivna snaga specifična potrošnja goriva

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“…It is most expedient to monitor the concentration of harmful components in exhaust gases with the help of portable gas analyzers (Hibino et al, 1998).…”

Section: Materials and Methods / Materijali I Metodementioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Ensuring the Environmental Performance of Marine Diesel Engines

Sagin¹,

Kuropyatnyk²

2018

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“…However, amperometric sensors are also used to measure species other than those that are mobile in the electrolyte. For example, oxygen ion-conducting electrolytes, including YSZ [350][351][352][353][354][355][356] and LSGM [357][358][359][360][361], have been used in amperometric sensors for NO detection, in which case the source of oxygen for the electrolyte is NO rather than O 2 . For the amperometric measurement of a reducing species, on the other hand, oxygen can be pumped through the electrolyte to oxidize the reducing gas; consequently, YSZ has been used in amperometric sensors for measuring CO [362] and hydrocarbon gases [363,364].…”

Section: Electrodes For Current-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although oxygen ion conductors are most commonly used for amperometric sensors, sodium ion-conducting electrolytes have also been used [365]. The outputs of some example amperometric gas sensors are shown in Figure 13.29 [350,351,354,358,359,362,363,365].…”

Section: Electrodes For Current-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satisfying both these criteria would require designs consisting of multiple electrolytes with complementary properties [414][415][416]. The high operating temperature can also lead to the degradation of seals; hence, nonisothermal designs, in NO: NASICON 150ºC [365] NO: LSGMN 550ºC [358,359] NO: YSZ 500ºC [354] NO: YSZ 600ºC [350] NO: YSZ 700ºC [350] NO: YSZ 800ºC [351] CO: YSZ 500ºC [362] Methane: YSZ 485°C [363] Propylene: YSZ 485°C [363] Log Gas Concentration (ppm)…”

Section: Molten Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: YSZ in Ar-3%H 2 O at 800ºC[351] Figure 13.29 Outputs of amperometric gas sensors [350, 351, 354, 358, 359, 362, 363, 365].464j 13 Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications…”

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Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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