2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.040
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Noxious mechanical stimulation evokes the segmental release of opioid peptides that induce μ-opioid receptor internalization in the presence of peptidase inhibitors

Abstract: The internalization of μ-opioid receptors (MORs) provides an ideal way to locate areas of opioid peptide release. We used this method to study opioid release in the spinal cord evoked by noxious stimuli in anesthetized rats. Previous studies have shown that opioids released in the spinal cord produce MOR internalization only when they are protected from peptidase degradation. Accordingly, rats were implanted with chronic intrathecal catheters that were used to inject a mixture of peptidase inhibitors (amastati… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…Although the present manuscript is the first to show DERM-A594 internalization in a whole animal, opioid-induced MOPr internalization has been shown previously in intact animals using immunohistochemistry (Trafton and Basbaum, 2000; He et al, 2002; Trafton and Basbaum, 2004; Chen et al, 2007; Chen et al, 2008; Lao et al, 2008). The advantage of assessing MOPr internalization with a fluorescently labeled opioid agonist in vivo is that internalization is restricted to those receptors bound by agonist at the plasma membrane.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 51%
“…Although the present manuscript is the first to show DERM-A594 internalization in a whole animal, opioid-induced MOPr internalization has been shown previously in intact animals using immunohistochemistry (Trafton and Basbaum, 2000; He et al, 2002; Trafton and Basbaum, 2004; Chen et al, 2007; Chen et al, 2008; Lao et al, 2008). The advantage of assessing MOPr internalization with a fluorescently labeled opioid agonist in vivo is that internalization is restricted to those receptors bound by agonist at the plasma membrane.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 51%
“…A L4-L6 segment of the lumbar spinal cord was post-fixed, cryoprotected, frozen and sectioned at 25 μm in the transversal plane using a cryostat (Chen et al, 2007, Lao et al, 2008). Spinal cord slices were fixed and processed similarly (Lao et al, 2003, Marvizon et al, 2003a, Lao and Marvizon, 2005, Adelson et al, 2009).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In each neuron, endosomes were counted by changing the focus to scan the soma (not the dendrites) in the z-axis. Whereas high concentrations of exogenous opioids elicit the appearance of numerous endosomes and the almost complete disappearance of MOR immunoreactivity from the cell surface (Marvizon et al, 1999a; Song and Marvizon, 2003b; Chen et al, 2007), endogenously released opioids produce a more subtle pattern (Song and Marvizon, 2005; Chen et al, 2008a; Chen et al, 2008b; Lao et al, 2008). Endosomes are observed, but a large part of the MOR immunoreactivity remains at the cell surface forming clusters (Supplementary Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Neurophysiological states that induce spinal opioid release may include stress and pain. Although there is evidence that opioids are released by acute noxious stimuli (Le Bars et al, 1987a; Le Bars et al, 1987b; Cesselin et al, 1989; Bourgoin et al, 1990; Lao et al, 2008), it is important to establish whether opioid release is maintained during inflammation and chronic pain (Przewlocki et al, 1986; Ballet et al, 2000), or whether its decline contributes to hyperalgesia.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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