NRLMSISE‐00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues

Picone, J. M.; Hedin, A. E.; Drob, Douglas P.; Aikin, A. C.

doi:10.1029/2002ja009430

Cited by 3,150 publications

(2,827 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When we ran NRL-MSIS [Picone et al, 2002;Hedin, 1983Hedin, , 1987, 1991], we found no change in Figure 7. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate β for the reaction between O + and N 2 calculated using MSIS neutral temperature and assuming that the ion temperature is the same.…”

Section: Some Simple Theoretical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 92%

On the solar cycle variation of the winter anomaly

et al. 2014

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Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate, Ionosonde, and Global Ultraviolet Imager data have been used to investigate the solar cycle changes in the winter anomaly (the winter anomaly is defined as the enhancement of the F 2 peak electron density in the winter hemisphere over that in the summer hemisphere) in the last solar cycle. There is no winter anomaly in solar minimum, and an enhancement of about 50% in winter over summer ones on the same day of the year at solar maximum. This solar cycle variation in the winter anomaly is primarily due to greater winter to summer differences of [O]/[N 2 ] in solar maximum than in solar minimum, with a secondary contribution from the effects of temperature on the recombination coefficient between O + and the molecular neutral gas. The greater winter increases in electron density in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere appear to be related to the greater annual variation of [O]/[N 2 ] in the north than in the south.

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Section: Some Simple Theoretical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 92%

On the solar cycle variation of the winter anomaly

et al. 2014

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“…These average vertical winds are plotted in Figure 10, red triangles for day 99 and blue squares for day 98, with the 1s deviation within each divergence bin displayed as an error bar for each plotting symbol. The solid black line shows the trend which would be expected from equation (5), using a scale height estimated using the NRLMSISE-00 empirical model [Picone et al, 2002], driven by geomagnetic and solar activity inputs, in addition to the all-sky average temperature measured by the Mawson SDI (for an altitude of 240 km, the assumed altitude of the airglow emission peak). Only one modeled line is shown as the scale heights for both nights were very similar, at approximately 34 km.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial sampling of the thermospheric vertical wind field at auroral latitudes

et al. 2011

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[1] Results are presented from two nights of bistatic Doppler measurements of neutral thermospheric winds using Fabry-Perot spectrometers at Mawson and Davis stations in Antarctica. A scanning Doppler imager (SDI) at Mawson and a narrow-field Fabry-Perot spectrometer (FPS) at Davis have been used to estimate the vertical wind at three locations along the great circle joining the two stations, in addition to the vertical wind routinely observed above each station. These data were obtained from observations of the 630.0 nm airglow line of atomic oxygen, at a nominal altitude of 240 km. Low-resolution all-sky images produced by the Mawson SDI have been used to relate disturbances in the measured vertical wind field to auroral activity and divergence in the horizontal wind field. Correlated vertical wind responses were observed on a range of horizontal scales from ∼150 to 480 km. In general, the behavior of the vertical wind was in agreement with earlier studies, with strong upward winds observed poleward of the optical aurora and sustained, though weak, downward winds observed early in the night. The relation between vertical wind and horizontal divergence was seen to follow the general trend predicted by Burnside et al. (1981), whereby upward vertical winds were associated with positive divergence and vice versa; however, a scale height approximately 3-4 times greater than that modeled by NRLMSISE-00 was required to best fit the data using this relation.

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“…The simulated field line is fixed in geographic latitude and longitude, the neutral densities and temperatures are taken from the NRLMSISE-00 empirical model [Picone et al, 2002], and the vertical winds are set to zero. The magnetic field is assumed to be vertically oriented and vary with geocentric radius, r, as r −3 .…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating of the sunlit polar cap ionosphere by reflected photoelectrons

2014

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Photoelectrons escape from the ionosphere on sunlit polar cap field lines. In order for those field lines to carry zero current without significant heavy ion outflow or cold electron inflow, field-aligned potential drops must form to reflect a portion of the escaping photoelectron population back to the ionosphere. Using a 1-D ionosphere-polar wind model and measurements from the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar (RISR-N), this paper shows that these reflected photoelectrons are a significant source of heat for the sunlit polar cap ionosphere. The model includes a kinetic suprathermal electron transport solver, and it allows energy input from the upper boundary in three different ways: thermal conduction, soft precipitation, and potentials that reflect photoelectrons. The simulations confirm that reflection potentials of several tens of eV are required to prevent cold electron inflow and demonstrate that the flux tube integrated change in electron heating rate (FTICEHR) associated with reflected photoelectrons can reach 10 9 eV cm −2 s −1 . Soft precipitation can produce FTICEHR of comparable magnitudes, but this extra heating is divided among more electrons as a result of electron impact ionization. Simulations with no reflected photoelectrons and with downward field-aligned currents (FAC) primarily carried by the escaping photoelectrons have electron temperatures which are ∼250-500 K lower than the RISR-N measurements in the 300-600 km region; however, simulations with reflected photoelectrons, zero FAC, and no other form of heat flux through the upper boundary can satisfactorily reproduce the RISR-N data.

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NRLMSISE‐00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues

Cited by 3,150 publications

References 30 publications

On the solar cycle variation of the winter anomaly

On the solar cycle variation of the winter anomaly

Spatial sampling of the thermospheric vertical wind field at auroral latitudes

Heating of the sunlit polar cap ionosphere by reflected photoelectrons

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