NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isononyl phthalate

Kavlock, Robert J.; Boekelheide, Kim; Chapin, Robert E.; Cunningham, Michael L.; Faustman, Elaine M.; Foster, Paul M.D.; Golub, Mari S.; Henderson, Rogene F.; Hinberg, Irwin; Little, Ruth E.; Seed, Jennifer; Shea, Katherine M.; Tabacova, Sonia; Tyl, Rochelle W.; Williams, Paige L.; Zacharewski, Timothy R.

doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(02)00034-5

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In infants and toddlers, mouthing of toys and other items made of phthalate plasticized PVC may lead to additional oral intake of some phthalates [2,6,9,11,107,108]. In a recent study, Wormuth et al [81] assessed the average contribution of various exposure sources in Europeans.…”

Section: Sources Of Ubiquitous Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Wittassek¹,

Koch

Angerer

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

683

381

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Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long-chain phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short-chain phthalates such as di-n-butyl-phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.

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Section: Sources Of Ubiquitous Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Wittassek¹,

Koch

Angerer

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

683

381

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…DINP 2 (CAS 28553-12-0) consists solely of isomeric C9 alcohols in the ester chain. A third DINP type has in the meantime vanished from the market [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of secondary, oxidised di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) metabolites in human urine representative for the exposure to commercial DINP plasticizers

Koch

Müller

Angerer

2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…14) Skin may come into direct contact with phthalate-containing products. 15) Phthalates such as di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) are endocrine disruptors and may a ect reproductive outcomes, the development of the male reproductive tract, [16][17][18] and sexual di erentiation in male rats. 16,19,20) Epidemiological studies have also revealed that exposure to several commonly used phthalates such as DBP and DHEP can alter sex steroid hormone levels in human subjects.…”

Section: Phthalates and Toxicological Infor-mationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Marker Discovery of Phthalates Using Mass Spectrometry

2017

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Phthalates are chemicals widely used in industry and the consequences on human health caused by exposure to these agents are of signi cant interest currently. e urinary metabolites of phthalates can be measured and used as exposure markers for the assessment of the actual internal contamination of phthalates coming from di erent sources and absorbed by various ways. e purpose of this paper is to review the markers for exposure and risk assessment of phthalates such as di-methyl phthalate (DMP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (DPHP), di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and introduction of the analytical approach of three metabolomics data processing approaches that can be used for chemical exposure marker discovery in urine with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data.

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NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di-isononyl phthalate

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Determination of secondary, oxidised di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP) metabolites in human urine representative for the exposure to commercial DINP plasticizers

Exposure Marker Discovery of Phthalates Using Mass Spectrometry

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