Nuclear and radiochemical analysis

Ehmann, W. D.; Robertson, J. David; Yates, S. W.

doi:10.1021/ac00211a005

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 472 publications

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“…The monograph, Radioanalysis in Geochemistry, by Das et al (II), provides basic background information on most of the methods discussed here, as well as abundant references to applications of the techniques. This book was reviewed in last year's Fundamental Review on nuclear activation methods in this journal (12).…”

Section: Electron Microbeam Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fast sample-transfer system (747) allows the measurement of nuclides with short half-lives (<1 min) by INAA. This is another high-throughput method for screening samples for about 12 trace elements and can be used to screen large numbers of samples for Au at the 1 ng/g level. It is also one of the few nondestructive methods available for measuring trace quantities of F, B, and Li.…”

Section: Electron Microbeam Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photon activation analysis is a relatively impractical technique for geochemists, as it requires a large linear accelerator to produce high-energy 7-rays during irradiation of Ta targets, and there are more economical methods of gathering the same data. The most recent work that uses PAA to analyze rocks is being done in Japan and the Soviet Union (e.g., 12 elements in a suite of volcanic rocks (187) and pg/g levels of Au and Ag in ores were measured ( 188)). PAA fol-lowed by a radiochemical purification has been used to measure F in rocks (189).…”

Section: Electron Microbeam Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geological and inorganic materials

Jackson¹,

Fries²,

Grossman³

et al. 1991

Anal. Chem.

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beryllium Geostandards Newsletter has continued its annual bibliography on geochemical reference samples (B13, B14). Roelandts also cataloged over 170 geochemical standards and provided references to compiled data (B15). SAMPLE PREPARATION AND DISSOLUTIONThe sample preparation step is frequently the most time consuming and a major potential source of error in any geochemical analysis. Numerous approaches have been used to automate this step such as using robots to grind samples (Cl) or to perform acid digestions. The use of microwave ovens to speed up the digestion process is becoming commonplace.

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Section: Electron Microbeam Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electron Microbeam Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electron Microbeam Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geological and inorganic materials

Jackson¹,

Fries²,

Grossman³

et al. 1991

Anal. Chem.

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Radionuclides in Analytical Chemistry

Garten¹,

Tölgyessy

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Definition and Purpose 1.2. History 1.3. General Features 1.4. Importance and Trends 2. Requirements for Analytical Use of Radionuclides 2.1. Safety and Operational Aspects 2.2. The Labeled Substance 2.3. Activity Measurements 2.4. Choice of Radionuclide 2.5. Appraisal of Radionuclide Use in Analysis 2.5.1. Advantages 2.5.2. Disadvantages 2.5.3. Sources of Error 3. Radiotracers in Methodological Studies 3.1. Principles and Importance 3.2. Control of Sampling 3.3. Control of Contamination and Loss 3.4. Separation Procedures 3.5. Control of the Determination Stage 4. IsotopeDilution Analysis 4.1. Direct Isotope Dilution Analysis 4.2. Reverse Isotope Dilution Analysis 4.3. Derivative Isotope Dilution Analysis 4.4. Substoichiometric Isotope Dilution Analysis 4.4.1. Substoichiometric Separation by Liquid ‐ Liquid Distribution 4.4.2. Redox Substoichiometry 4.4.3. Displacement Substoichiometry 4.4.4. Applications 4.5. Sub‐ and Superequivalence Method 5. Radioreagent Methods 5.1. Simple Radioreagent Methods 5.1.1. Determination with Labeled Reagents 5.1.2. Determination with Labeled Analyte 5.1.3. Determination with Labeled Competing Substances 5.2. Method of Concentration‐Dependent Distribution 5.3. Isotope Exchange Methods 5.4. Radioimmunoassay 5.5. Radiorelease Methods 5.5.1. Radioactive Kryptonates 5.5.2. Radioactive Metals 5.5.3. Radioactive Salts and other Radioactive Substances 5.6. Radiometric Titration

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Neutron Activation in Environmental Analysis

Randle

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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After a brief historical survey of the role of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in environmental analysis there follows a section on the main types of NAA and their application to environmental problems and a table of ideal sensitivities is given. The rest of the article deals with NAA as it is applied to the main divisions of the environment. Each of these sections includes a short summary of the sampling requirements suitable for NAA. Section 3 deals with its application to biological samples and includes a brief discussion on standard reference materials (SRMs) in NAA. Applications to various types of biological material are discussed, ending with a survey of biomonitoring using NAA. The next section (the longest) is the analysis of water by NAA. This is mainly based on the preconcentration and postirradiation procedures currently used for the major types of water (seawater, surface water and underground water). A table of element concentrations in seawater and surface water illustrates the low limits of detection required to determine many trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Applications are discussed in the main body of the text. There then follows a section on the use of NAA in air particulate analysis for trace elements. The importance of PM10s (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm) to human health and the reasons for concentrating on the analysis of these particles by NAA is discussed. Having discussed the main areas of NAA used there follows an application section. Large‐scale biomonitoring procedures are outlined, particularly those involving plant materials. The final section on major environmental divisions covers the use of NAA in analysis of soils and sediments together with the analysis of coal. This latter topic also includes on‐line analysis of coal using isotope sources. Finally, there is a discussion of speciation and the function of NAA in environmental speciation, particularly atmospheric and aqueous speciation analysis.

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Nuclear and radiochemical analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 472 publications

Geological and inorganic materials

Geological and inorganic materials

Radionuclides in Analytical Chemistry

Neutron Activation in Environmental Analysis

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