Nuclear Effectors in Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Mandal, Surajit De; Jeon, Junhyun

doi:10.1080/12298093.2022.2118928

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, localization assays in planta of different members of the family revealed that they all targeted the nucleus. This might be explained by the presence of the basic amino acids KR in the conserved signature present in each repeat (Fig.1) or other non-conventional NLS 17 . The amino acid analysis of SP7-like effectors revealed that their composition is biased towards the presence of five specific amino acids (Asp, Tyr, Lys, Ser and Gly) that represents between 75 and 80% of their sequence (Supplementary Figure 10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial effectors have a wide range of possible final locations in planta ranging from the apoplastic space to different intracellular compartments including the nucleus. This allows effectors to find their specific targets and control multiple cellular processes 17–19 . Nuclear effectors have been shown to modulate hormonal pathways, host metabolism or immune responses by different mechanisms that include interactions with nuclear proteins, DNA or RNA 17,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows effectors to find their specific targets and control multiple cellular processes 17–19 . Nuclear effectors have been shown to modulate hormonal pathways, host metabolism or immune responses by different mechanisms that include interactions with nuclear proteins, DNA or RNA 17,19 . Interestingly from the five effectors characterized in the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis , three are located in the nucleus 12,14,16 This might reflect the large number of predicted nuclear effectors in this fungus, as revealed in an analysis of R. irregularis secretome during symbiosis, in which from ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, two of the few characterized effectors from rhizobia, ErnA and Bel2-5 are also targeted to the plant nucleus and shown to promote nodulation 5 . But also, numerous effectors of plant pathogens have the nucleus as their playground 17,18 . From all nuclear targeted effectors characterized so far, only a few have been shown to impact on pre-mRNA splicing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative splicing regulation in plants by effectors of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Betz,

Heidt,

Figueira-Galán

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Most plants in natural ecosystems live in association with AM (arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi to survive under poor nutrient conditions and to cope with other abiotic and biotic stresses. To engage in symbiosis, AM fungi secrete effector molecules that, similar to pathogenic effectors, reprogram plant cells. Despite numerous effectors being predicted in the genome of AM fungi, only a few have been functionally characterized. Here we show that the SP7-like family, a Glomeromycotina-specific effector family, impacts on the alternative splicing program of their hosts. SP7-like effectors localize at nuclear condensates and interact with the plant mRNA processing machinery, most prominently with the splicing factor SR45 and the core splicing proteins U170K and U2AF35. Ectopic expression of two of these effectors in the crop plant potato changed the alternative splicing pattern of a specific subset of genes. Unravelling the communication mechanisms between symbiotic fungi and their host plants will help to identify targets to improve plant nutrition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alternative splicing regulation in plants by effectors of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Betz,

Heidt,

Figueira-Galán

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The IBB domain is also present in the snurportin adaptor. Effectors that directly bind to importin β employ proline‐tyrosine (PY‐)NLSs, which are a type of nonclassical NLS (ncNLS) (De Mandal & Jeon, 2022 ; Lu et al, 2021 ). Effectors latch onto this highly conserved machinery to facilitate their transport in the nucleus.…”

Section: Nuclear Import and Export Mechanisms Of Nuclear Effectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear effectors of plant pathogens: Distinct strategies to be one step ahead

Harris

Kim

Völz

et al. 2023

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Nuclear effector proteins released by bacteria, oomycete, nematode, and fungi burden the global environment and crop yield. Microbial effectors are key weapons in the evolutionary arms race between plants and pathogens, vital in determining the success of pathogenic colonization. Secreted effectors undermine a multitude of host cellular processes depending on their target destination. Effectors are classified by their localization as either extracellular (apoplastic) or intracellular. Intracellular effectors can be further subclassified by their compartment such as the nucleus, cytoplasm or chloroplast. Nuclear effectors bring into question the role of the plant nucleus' intrinsic defence strategies and their vulnerability to effector‐based manipulation. Nuclear effectors interfere with multiple nuclear processes including the epigenetic regulation of the host chromatin, the impairment of the trans‐kingdom antifungal RNAi machinery, and diverse classes of immunity‐associated host proteins. These effector‐targeted pathways are widely conserved among different hosts and regulate a broad array of plant cellular processes. Thus, these nuclear sites constitute meaningful targets for effectors to subvert the plant defence system and acquire resources for pathogenic propagation. This review provides an extensive and comparative compilation of diverse plant microbe nuclear effector libraries, thereby highlighting the distinct and conserved mechanisms these effectors employ to modulate plant cellular processes for the pathogen's profit.

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