Nuclear Excitation by Electric Interaction with Charged Particles

Excitation of Nuclei by Charged Particles

“…Ter-Martirosyan calculated the electric dipole (EI) and electric quadrupole (E2) excitation cross sections, specifically for the case of negligibly small energy of excita tion (�E-tO) . Although the El cross section had previously been expressed in closed form (30,31), the E2 cross section which, as we shall see, turns out experimentally to be most important, is not amenable to such a treatment.…”

“…Total cross section.-The theory of this process was considerably ahead of conclusive experiments for many years (3, 30 to 36) ; because of the technical limitations on measuring gamma-ray transitions efficiently and accurately, most of the early theoretical work was directed toward the pre diction of indirect effects susceptible of possible measurement, such as deuteron break-up by the electric field of a nucleus, inelastic deuteron scat tering, and the like (30,31,33). The first detailed, semi-classical calculation of the Coulomb inelastic cross section was due to Ter-Martirosyan (36) .…”

“…Exact, quantum-mechanical calculations for! are available only for El (30,31,47,55) and E2 (47,49) Coulomb excitation at present. However, semi-classical approximations to these functions have been com puted and are numerically tabulated for El, E2, E3, E4, Ml, and M2 excita tion (50) in the limit of large '1/; these tabulations should be adequate for most actual conditions likely to be encountered.…”