Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related 2 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Kondo, Naoki; Netsu, Takahiro; Arai, Kohei; Kanai, Tomotake; Sano, Hideto; Kijima, Yasufumi; Okumura, Go; Fujisawa, Junichi; Endo, Naoto

doi:10.15305/ijrci/v5i1/231

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“…In a previous clinical study, Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels in the RA synovia were compared to those in the OA synovia. Nrf2 mRNA levels were significantly correlated with the preoperative d-ROM value, suggesting that increased Nrf2 mRNA expression reflects an upregulation of antioxidant capacity in response to high oxidative stresses in RA patients [ 138 ]. When cells were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope, Nrf2, which showed green staining in the untreated cells, was localized in the cytoplasm; however, after NAC administration, Nrf2 was translocated to the nucleus, where it exerted an antioxidant effect.…”

Section: Natural Foods Phytochemicals and Chemical Compounds With Ant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Reactive Oxygen Species: A Review

Kondo

Kanai

Okada

2023

CIMB

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that causes progressive joint damage and can lead to lifelong disability. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with RA pathogenesis. Recent advances have clarified the anti-inflammatory effect of antioxidants and their roles in RA alleviation. In addition, several important signaling pathway components, such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator-protein-1, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/kelch-like associated protein, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and mitogen-activated protein kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase, have been identified to be associated with RA. In this paper, we outline the ROS generation process and relevant oxidative markers, thereby providing evidence of the association between oxidative stress and RA pathogenesis. Furthermore, we describe various therapeutic targets in several prominent signaling pathways for improving RA disease activity and its hyper oxidative state. Finally, we reviewed natural foods, phytochemicals, chemical compounds with antioxidant properties and the association of microbiota with RA pathogenesis.

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Section: Natural Foods Phytochemicals and Chemical Compounds With Ant...mentioning

confidence: 99%