Nuclear imaging of the fuel assembly in ignition experiments

Grim, G.; Guler, N.; Merrill, F. E.; Morgan, G. L.; Danly, C. R.; Volegov, P. L.; Wilde, C. H.; Wilson, D. C.; Clark, Dan; Hinkel, D. E.; Jones, O.; Raman, Kumar; Izumi, N.; Fittinghoff, D. N.; Drury, Owen B.; Alger, E T; Arnold, P.; Ashabranner, R.; Atherton, L. J.; Barrios, M. A.; Batha, S. H.; Bell, P. M.; Benedetti, L. R.; Berger, R. L.; Bernstein, L. A.; Berzins, L.V.; Betti, R.; Bhandarkar, S. D.; Bionta, R. M.; Bleuel, D. L.; Boehly, T. R.; Bond, E.; Bowers, M. W.; Bradley, D. K.; Brunton, G; Buckles, R.; Burkhart, Scott C.; Burr, R. F.; Caggiano, J. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.; Castro, C.; Celliers, P. M.; Cerjan, C.; Chandler, G. A.; Choate, C.; Cohen, Simon J.; Collins, G. W.; Cooper, G. W.; Cox, J. R.; Cradick, J. R.; Datte, P.; Dewald, E. L.; Nicola, P. Di; Nicola, J. M. Di; Divol, L.; Dixit, S.; Dylla‐Spears, Rebecca; Dzenitis, E. G.; Eckart, M. J.; Eder, D. C.; Edgell, D. H.; Edwards, M. J.; Eggert, J. H.; Ehrlich, R. B.; Erbert, G.; Fair, J.; Farley, D. R.; Felker, B.; Fortner, R. J.; Frenje, J. A.; Frieders, G.; Friedrich, S.; Johnson, M. Gatu; Gibson, C. R.; Giraldez, E.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Glenn, S.; Glenzer, S. H.; Gururangan, G.; Haan, S. W.; Hahn, Kelly; Hammel, B. A.; Hamza, A. V.; Hartouni, E. P.; Hatarik, R.; Hatchett, S.; Haynam, Christopher A.; Hermann, M. R.; Herrmann, H. W.; Hicks, D. G.; Holder, J. P.; Holunga, D. M.; Horner, J.; Hsing, W. W.; Huang, H.; Jackson, Mark; Jancaitis, K.; Kalantar, D.; Kauffman, R. L.; Kauffman, Morris I.; Khan, S. F.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Kimbrough, J. R.; Kirkwood, R. K.; Kline, J. L.; Knauer, J. P.; Knittel, K.; Koch, J. A.; Kohut, T.; Kozioziemski, B.; Krauter, K.; Krauter, G. W.; Kritcher, Andrea; Kroll, J. J.; Kyrala, G. A.; Fortune, K. N. La; LaCaille, Greg; Lagin, L.; Land, T. A.; Landen, O. L.; Larson, Douglas W.; Latray, D.; Leeper, R. J.; Lewis, T.; LePape, S.; Lindl, J. D.; Lowe-Webb, R.; Ma, T.; MacGowan, B. J.; Mackinnon, A. J.; MacPhee, A. G.; Malone, Robert M.; Malsbury, T. N.; Mapoles, E. R.; Marshall, C. D.; Mathisen, D G; McKenty, P. W.; McNaney, J. M.; Meezan, N. B.; Michel, P.; Milovich, J. L.; Moody, J. D.; Moore, A. S.; Moran, Matthew; Moreno, K. A.; Moses, E. I.; Munro, D. H.; Nathan, B. R.; Nelson, A. J.; Nikroo, A.; Olson, R. E.; Orth, Charles D.; Pak, A.; Palma, Elisa; Parham, T.; Patel, P. K.; Patterson, R. W.; Petrasso, R. D.; Prasad, R.R.; Ralph, J. E.; Regan, S. P.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Robey, H. F.; Ross, G.; Ruiz, C. L.; Séguin, F.H.; Salmonson, J. D.; Sangster, T. C.; Sater, J. D.; Saunders, R.; Schneider, M. B.; Schneider, Dieter; Shaw, Michael J.; Simanovskaia, N.; Spears, B. K.; Springer, P. T.; Stoeckl, C.; Stoeffl, W.; Suter, L. J.; Thomas, C. A.; Tommasini, R.; Town, R. P. J.; Albert, Traille,; Wonterghem, B. Van; Wallace, R. J.; Weaver, S.; Weber, S. V.; Wegner, Paul J.; Whitman, P. K.; Widmann, K.; Widmayer, C.; Wood, R. D.; Young, B. K.; Zacharias, R.; Zylstra, A. B.

doi:10.1063/1.4807291

Cited by 70 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…104 plots the measured radii vs DSR, following fairly well the expected trend of radius $ 1/ͱDSR in the limit of a thin fuel shell for fixed fuel mass. More refined analyses 164 comparing the unscattered and downscattered neutron sizes and P 2 asymmetry are now also extracting the first 2 Legendre moments of compressed cold fuel thickness and areal density. We are actively combining this neutron shape information with the angularly dependent neutron yields, x-ray yields and x-ray core shapes to reconstruct the last phases of the implosion, 22 adding in more data (such as 2D radiography) as it becomes available.…”

Section: Fig 97mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012

et al. 2014

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Section: Fig 97mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012

et al. 2014

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“…2) serves to indicate the degradation of ignition performance through our imposed lower-mode instabilities. It does not necessarily explain the present experimental performance of the NIF capsule which may also require assessment of high mode perturbations or other contributing effects 15 and which will be the subject of further work.…”

Section: Capsule Performance With Imposed Magnetic Fieldmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…13 The present performance may be constrained by hydrodynamic instabilities that result in detrimental hotspot perturbations and cold-fuel/gas mix. 14 Recent neutron imaging and spectroscopy indicate the presence of appreciable low-mode asymmetries in the cold compressed fuel, 15 while simulations of the implosions suggest that largeamplitude shape asymmetries resulting from low-order Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) growth may cause spatial variations in capsule and fuel momentum that prevent the DT ice layer from being decelerated uniformly by the hotspot pressure. 16 Two and three-dimensional simulations of ignition-scale capsule implosions without applied magnetic fields, but with shell perturbations large enough to cause hotspot pressures and temperatures to fall well below ignition requirements, show highly convoluted hotspot boundaries with scale lengths from the hotspot to cold fuel boundary much reduced compared with 1-D simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional simulations of thermonuclear burn in ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion targets under compressed axial magnetic fields

et al. 2013

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We report for the first time on full 2-D radiation-hydrodynamic implosion simulations that explore the impact of highly compressed imposed magnetic fields on the ignition and burn of perturbed spherical implosions of ignition-scale cryogenic capsules. Using perturbations that highly convolute the cold fuel boundary of the hotspot and prevent ignition without applied fields, we impose initial axial seed fields of 20–100 T (potentially attainable using present experimental methods) that compress to greater than 4 × 104 T (400 MG) under implosion, thereby relaxing hotspot areal densities and pressures required for ignition and propagating burn by ∼50%. The compressed field is high enough to suppress transverse electron heat conduction, and to allow alphas to couple energy into the hotspot even when highly deformed by large low-mode amplitudes. This might permit the recovery of ignition, or at least significant alpha particle heating, in submarginal capsules that would otherwise fail because of adverse hydrodynamic instabilities.

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“…7are that the same hot spot consistently produces neutrons and x-rays, the neutron and x-ray burn durations are the same, and T e ¼ T i locally. Neutron and x-ray sizes are measured on each shot by the Neutron Imaging System (NIS) 23 for primary 13-17 MeV neutron shape and gated 24 and time-integrated 15,16 x-ray imagers for broadband >6 keV x-ray emission shape. Images from both represent the hot spot profile and, when comparing equatorial line of sights from both types of images, are typically found to agree to within $10%.…”

Section: The MIX Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hot spot mix in the low-foot and high-foot implosions on the NIF

Patel

Izumi

et al. 2017

Physics of Plasmas

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Hydrodynamic mix of the ablator into the DT fuel layer and hot spot can be a critical performance limitation in inertial confinement fusion implosions. This mix results in increased radiation loss, cooling of the hot spot, and reduced neutron yield. To quantify the level of mix, we have developed a simple model that infers the level of contamination using the ratio of the measured x-ray emission to the neutron yield. The principal source for the performance limitation of the “low-foot” class of implosions appears to have been mix. Lower convergence “high-foot” implosions are found to be less susceptible to mix, allowing velocities of >380 km/s to be achieved.

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Nuclear imaging of the fuel assembly in ignition experiments

Cited by 70 publications

References 34 publications

Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012

Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012

Two-dimensional simulations of thermonuclear burn in ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion targets under compressed axial magnetic fields

The role of hot spot mix in the low-foot and high-foot implosions on the NIF

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