Nuclear lipid droplets: A novel nuclear domain

Layerenza, Juan Pablo; González, P.; Bravo, Margarita María García de; Polo, Mónica Patricia; Sisti, Martín Sebastián; Ves-Losada, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.10.005

Cited by 93 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Several groups have recently shown that LDs are not only cytoplasmic but can also be found inside the nucleus [196-198]. LDs in the nucleus are smaller than their cytoplasmic counterparts (∼0.5 μm or less), and their abundance varies drastically between cell types, e.g., they are readily detectable in cells of hepatic origin.…”

Section: 0 Other Roles Of Lipid Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Welte

Gould

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

458

358

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Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids and are critically important for energy metabolism. Their function in energy storage is firmly established and increasingly well characterized. However, emerging evidence indicates that lipid droplets also play important and diverse roles in the cellular handling of lipids and proteins that may not be directly related to energy homeostasis. Lipid handling roles of droplets include the storage of hydrophobic vitamin and signaling precursors, and the management of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Roles of lipid droplets in protein handling encompass functions in the maturation, storage, and turnover of cellular and viral polypeptides. Other potential roles of lipid droplets may be connected with their intracellular motility and, in some cases, their nuclear localization. This diversity highlights that lipid droplets are very adaptable organelles, performing different functions in different biological contexts.

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Section: 0 Other Roles Of Lipid Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Welte

Gould

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

458

358

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“…Nuclear LDs have been visualized in various cell types, including human liver, rat liver and HepG2 cells [42,43]. Since the ER is contiguous with the nuclear envelope, it was unclear whether these LDs are simply cytoplasmic LDs surrounded by nuclear membrane invaginations, or whether they truly reside within the nucleus.…”

Section: Overview Of the Glycerol 3-phosphate Pathway For Lipid Symentioning

confidence: 99%

How lipid droplets “TAG” along: Glycerolipid synthetic enzymes and lipid storage

Wang

Airola

Reue

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

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Triacylglycerols (TAG) serve as the predominant form of energy storage in mammalian cells, and TAG synthesis influences conditions such as obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. In most tissues, the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway enzymes are responsible for TAG synthesis, and the regulation and function of these enzymes is therefore important for metabolic homeostasis. Here we review the sites and regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), lipin/phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme action. We highlight the critical roles that these enzymes play in human health by reviewing Mendelian disorders that result from mutation in the corresponding genes. We also summarize the valuable insights that genetically engineered mouse models have provided into the cellular and physiological roles of GPATs, AGPATs, lipins and DGATs. Finally, we comment on the status and feasibility of therapeutic approaches to metabolic disease that target enzymes of the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway.

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“…Nuclear lipid droplets were also detected within occasional neurons. Although most studies have focused on cytoplasmic lipid droplets [3,4], recent evidence using confocal and electron microscopy in cultured hepatocytes suggests that neutral lipids within the nucleus also form into spherical lipid droplets of unique composition and size and that these may be involved with nuclear lipid homeostasis [29,30]. Alternatively it has also been proposed that cytoplasmic lipid droplets may be mistaken as nuclear in instances where they have a close association with the nuclear envelope [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical staining of lipid droplets with adipophilin in paraffin-embedded glioma tissue identifies an association between lipid droplets and tumour grade

Kohe¹,

Colmenero²,

McConville³

et al. 2017

J Histol Histopathol

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Background: Cytoplasmic lipid droplets are important in cancer metabolism and a clear relationship has been established between their accumulation and increased tumour grade in glioma. The development of the novel immunohistochemical marker adipophilin has proven to be a useful method of detecting lipid droplets in paraffin embedded tissue from many diseases. Our aim was to assess the distribution of adipophilin stained lipid droplets in paraffin embedded glioma tissue and to evaluate whether it is a useful indicator of lipid droplets in brain tumours. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for adipophilin was undertaken in a tissue microarray containing 65 paraffin embedded gliomas of varying grade. The number of tumour cells containing adipophilin positive lipid droplets was then quantified and statistically analysed. Results: We found a statistically significant accumulation of lipid droplets in high grade glioblastoma compared to low grade astrocytomas when we quantified the percentage of tumour cells containing adipophilin-positive lipid droplets (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation (rs=0.83) was detected between increasing tumour grade and the percentage of tumour cells containing lipid droplets, p=0.0001. Conclusions:We have determined that adipophilin is a useful immunohistochemical marker of lipid droplets in brain tumours. The ability to detect lipid droplets within paraffin embedded gliomas will greatly facilitate the evaluation of this tumour characteristic which is related to grade and prognosis.

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Nuclear lipid droplets: A novel nuclear domain

Cited by 93 publications

References 59 publications

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

How lipid droplets “TAG” along: Glycerolipid synthetic enzymes and lipid storage

Immunohistochemical staining of lipid droplets with adipophilin in paraffin-embedded glioma tissue identifies an association between lipid droplets and tumour grade

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