Nuclear localization and Overexpression of Smoothened in Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancers

Niyaz, Madiha; Khan, Mosin Saleem; Wani, Rauf Ahmad; Shah, Omar Javed; Besina, Syed; Mudassar, Syed

doi:10.1002/jcb.28477

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Total RNA was extracted by the Trizol method (Invitrogen Waltham, MA, United States)[ 20 ]. The absorbance at A260/280 of 1.8-2 was considered “pure” for RNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer

Bhat¹,

Rather²,

Maqbool³

et al. 2022

WJG

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BACKGROUND Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a mediator of transforming growth factor-beta signaling and plays a key role in connective tissue remodeling, inflammatory processes and fibrosis in various illnesses including cancer. AIM To investigate the role of CTGF in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and to compare the CTGF expression with different clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was performed to evaluate the CTGF expression and the results were statistically analyzed against the clinicopathological variables of patient data using STATA software version 16. RESULTS CTGF expression levels in tumor specimens were significantly higher than their paired normal specimens. The higher protein expression levels showed a significant association with smoking, staging, tumor grade, invasion depth, necrosis of tumor tissue, and both lymphovascular and perineural invasion. As per the cox regression model and classification tree analysis, tumor-node-metastasis stage and perineural invasion were important predictors for CTGF expression and prognosis of CRC patients. Survival analysis indicated that CTGF overexpression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION Expression of CTGF was increased in CRC and was linked with poor overall and disease-free survival of CRC patients. These findings support prior observations and thus CTGF may be a possible prognostic marker in CRC.

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“…Total RNA was extracted by the Trizol method (Invitrogen Waltham, MA, United States)[ 20 ]. The absorbance at A260/280 of 1.8-2 was considered “pure” for RNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer

Bhat¹,

Rather²,

Maqbool³

et al. 2022

WJG

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“…Kumar et al also emphasized the essential role of SHH signaling in the development and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells [80]. Niyaz et al mentioned that dysregulated SMO could be a therapy target in pancreatic cancers [81].…”

Section: Shh In Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regan et al found that the SHH signaling in colon cancer stem cells includes SHH-dependent, non-canonical PTCH1-dependent, and GLI-independent pathways, suggesting that non-canonical SHH signaling positively affects WNT signaling and is essential for the survival of colon cancer stem cells [111]. Niyaz et al suggested that dysregulated SMO could be as a treatment target of colon cancer [81]. [114][115][116][117][118][119].…”

Section: Colon Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Organogenesis, Tumors, and Tumor Microenvironments

Jeng

Chang

Lin

2020

IJMS

157

126

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During mammalian embryonic development, primary cilia transduce and regulate several signaling pathways. Among the various pathways, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is one of the most significant. SHH signaling remains quiescent in adult mammalian tissues. However, in multiple adult tissues, it becomes active during differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance. Moreover, aberrant activation of SHH signaling occurs in cancers of the skin, brain, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, colon, breast, lung, prostate, and hematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment or stroma could affect tumor development and metastasis. One hypothesis has been proposed, claiming that the pancreatic epithelia secretes SHH that is essential in establishing and regulating the pancreatic tumor microenvironment in promoting cancer progression. The SHH signaling pathway is also activated in the cancer stem cells (CSC) of several neoplasms. The self-renewal of CSC is regulated by the SHH/Smoothened receptor (SMO)/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog I (GLI) signaling pathway. Combined use of SHH signaling inhibitors and chemotherapy/radiation therapy/immunotherapy is therefore key in targeting CSCs.

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“…SMO regulated EMT, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer stem cells [ 95 ]. Thus, the dysregulated SMO in pancreatic cancers could be a therapeutic target [ 96 ].…”

Section: Smo and Pancreatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GDC-0499 is used to inhibit and modulate cellular plasticity and invasiveness in colorectal cancer [ 111 ]. Therefore, SMO could be a potential treatment target for colon cancer [ 96 ].…”

Section: Smo and Colon Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Smoothened in Cancer

Jeng

Sheen

Leu³

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Smoothened (SMO) belongs to the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth, migration, invasion and stem cells in cancer. The HH signaling pathway includes both canonical and noncanonical pathways. The canonical HH pathway functions through major HH molecules such as HH ligands, PTCH, SMO and GLI, whereas the noncanonical HH pathway involves the activation of SMO or GLI through other pathways. The role of SMO has been discussed in different types of cancer, including breast, liver, pancreatic and colon cancers. SMO expression correlates with tumor size, invasiveness, metastasis and recurrence. In addition, SMO inhibitors can suppress cancer formation, reduce the proliferation of cancer cells, trigger apoptosis and suppress cancer stem cell activity. A better understanding of the role of SMO in cancer could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

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Nuclear localization and Overexpression of Smoothened in Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancers

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer

Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer

Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Organogenesis, Tumors, and Tumor Microenvironments

The Role of Smoothened in Cancer

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