Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: initial experience

Doyle, F. H.; Pennock, J. M.; Banks, L. M.; McDonnell, MJ; Gm, Bydder; Steiner, R. E.; Young, IR; Clarke, G.J.; Pasmore, T.; Gilderdale, D. J.

doi:10.2214/ajr.138.2.193

Cited by 131 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, in this study, we did not perform any comparison with alternative quantitative MRI techniques, which may also be useful in detecting biliary dilatation/hepatic fibrosis. As bile is known to have increased T 1 and T 2 relaxation times relative to liver parenchyma (32,33), T 2 relaxometric assessments may also provide a direct measure of biliary dilatation/proliferation. Other techniques such as magnetization transfer and diffusion MRI assessments may also provide additional information on ARPKD liver disease (34,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial evaluation of hepatic T₁ relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

et al. 2015

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Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is a potentially lethal multi-organ disease affecting both the kidneys and the liver. Unfortunately, there are currently no non-invasive methods to monitor liver disease progression in ARPKD patients, limiting the study of potential therapeutic interventions. Herein, we performed an initial investigation of T1 relaxation time as a potential imaging biomarker to quantitatively assess the two primary pathologic hallmarks of ARPKD liver disease: biliary dilatation and periportal fibrosis in the PCK rat model of ARPKD. T1 relaxation time results were obtained for five PCK rats at 3 months of age using a Look-Locker acquisition on a Bruker Biospec 7.0 T MRI scanner. Six 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were also scanned as controls. All animals were euthanized after the 3-month scans for histological and biochemical assessments of bile duct dilatation and hepatic fibrosis for comparison. PCK rats exhibited significantly increased liver T1 values (mean±standard deviation = 935±39 ms) compared to age-matched SD control rats (847±26 ms, p = 0.01). One PCK rat exhibited severe cholangitis (mean T1 = 1413 ms), which occurs periodically in ARPKD patients. The observed increase in the in vivo liver T1 relaxation time correlated significantly with three histological and biochemical indicators of biliary dilatation and fibrosis: bile duct area percent (R=0.85, p=0.002), periportal fibrosis area percent (R=0.82, p=0.004) and hydroxyproline content (R=0.76, p=0.01). These results suggest that hepatic T1 relaxation time may provide a sensitive and non-invasive imaging biomarker to monitor ARPKD liver disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial evaluation of hepatic T₁ relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

et al. 2015

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“…The presence of ferritin in organs influences the contrast of T 2 -weighted MR images. 4,5 This feature is qualitatively well understood: the presence of magnetic crystals nearby protons is known to shorten their T 2 relaxation time. 6 The idea of using this T 2 -shortening to quantify iron in vivo non invasively by MRI followed naturally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation induced by ferritin: a better understanding for an improved MRI iron quantification

2004

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Ferritin, the iron storing protein, is known to darken T 2 -weighted MRI. This darkening can be used to noninvasively measure iron content. However, ferritin's behavior is not the same in tissue as in solution, a discrepancy that remains unexplained by the recently developed theory matching the NMR properties of ferritin solutions. A better understanding of the relaxation induced by ferritin in tissue could help for the development of new MRI protocols of iron quantification. In this short review, the main relaxation properties of ferritin in solution and in tissue are presented together with a discussion of the possible reasons for the faster transverse relaxation observed in tissues.

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“…Tissue iron is detected indirectly by the effects on relaxation times by the interaction of ferritin and hemosiderin iron with hydrogen nuclei in normal cardiac tissue. The presence of iron in human body results in marked alteration in tissue relaxation times (15,28,29).…”

Section: Mri Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI of cardiac iron overload

Chu

Lam³

2012

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Transfusion therapy has greatly improved the survival of transfusion dependent thalassemia major (TM) patients; however, the resultant iron load damages tissues including the heart, liver and endocrine organs. Among these, heart complication still remains the leading cause of mortality. Myocardial iron deposition can occur independently of other solid organ involvement; conversely, the heart may be spared despite heavy siderosis in other tissues. Iron chelation treatment diminishes the risk of hemosiderosis; however, the chelation treatment has its own toxicities and might not be available to all patients due to costs. Close monitoring of individual organ iron concentration and function is thus important for optimization of individual patient care. This review outlines the importance and clinical significance of recently available MRI techniques for monitoring cardiac iron load.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: initial experience

Cited by 131 publications

References 11 publications

Initial evaluation of hepatic T₁ relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

Initial evaluation of hepatic T₁ relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

Relaxation induced by ferritin: a better understanding for an improved MRI iron quantification

MRI of cardiac iron overload

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Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: initial experience

Cited by 131 publications

References 11 publications

Initial evaluation of hepatic T1 relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

Initial evaluation of hepatic T1 relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

Relaxation induced by ferritin: a better understanding for an improved MRI iron quantification

MRI of cardiac iron overload

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Initial evaluation of hepatic T₁ relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

Initial evaluation of hepatic T₁ relaxation time as an imaging marker of liver disease associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)