The glass transition temperatures (T
g) of various low-moisture galactans, such as agars and
carrageenans, were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and occasionally by dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA). The shift in heat flow on the DSC thermogram was detected for all
samples. The typical thermally activated relaxation process was observed in the DMA thermogram
for an agar and a carrageenan that were measured as the representatives of galactans, and it was
confirmed that the shift on the DSC thermogram was caused by the glass transition. The T
g values
of agars leveled off at higher water contents. Thus, the minimum T
g values of agars were much
higher than those of the carrageenans and a sample of wheat starch. The tightness of binding of
the water, which was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and water sorption isotherm
data, was somewhat weaker to an agar than to a carrageenan even for the same water content,
suggesting that most of the water molecules sorbed by the agar were free water and could not
plasticize it.
Keywords: Glass transition; agar; carrageenan; water binding; plasticizability