Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 and Cytological Findings in Urine of Residents of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in an Endemic Community

Abstract

Objective: Urogenital schistosomiasis has continued to cause severe morbidity among residents of Adim community. The aim of the study was to screen both adults and children residents of this community for urine tumour markers and to stain cytologically for epithelial changes which indicate the risk of them being predispose to bladder cancer. Methods: Terminal urine samples were collected by simple random sampling method from 350 subjects (300 children and 50 adults) in Adim Community for microscopy using standard parasitological methods, urinalysis, ELISAbased Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 (NMP22), and Papanicolaou-and Alcian blue-stained cytological analysis. Results: S. haematobium infection was observed in 18 (5.1%), proteinuria 21 (6.0%) and hematuria 30 (8.6%). Age group 25-31 years had the highest level of NMP22 values (1692.3 ± 46.4) among the adults and children. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). In general male subjects had higher NMP22 values (1214.6+ 487.1) than females (1198.9+ 472.9) (P=0.389). The cytological findings showed abnormal epithelial cells in Papanicolaou stain 2 (0.57%) and hyaluronic acid 1 (0.29%). Cytological findings with Papanicolaou stain revealed metaplasia 1 (0.3%), mild dysplasia 1 (0.3%), inflammation 6 (1.7%), and hyaluronic acid positive cells 1 (0.29%). Conclusion: The study showed S. haematobium prevalence of 5.1% but NMP 22 values were not positive for bladder cancer. The cytological findings revealed metaplasia, mild dysplasia and hyaluronic acid positive epithelial changes which are indicators for bladder cancer.

Efficacy of Voided Urine Cytology Compared to Cystoscopic Findings in the Detection of Bladder Cancer- A Pakistani Perspective

“…Therefore, the importance of adequate urine cytology must be highlighted, with the advantage of being easily available and reproducible with good specificity. 19 However, it should be noted that cytology has 20 In our particular group of patients, we found the sensitivity to be less than 20%, less malignant cells observed on the smears.…”