Nuclear organization of some immunohistochemically identifiable neural systems in two species of the Euarchontoglires: A Lagomorph, Lepus capensis , and a Scandentia, Tupaia belangeri

Abstract

Nuclear organisation of some immunohistochemically identifiable neural systems in two species of the Euarchontoglires: a Lagomorph, Lepus capensis, and a Scandentia, Tupaia belangeri, Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jchemneu.2015.10.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 AbstractThe present study describes the organization of the nuclei of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic and orexinergic systems in the brains of two members of Euarchontoglires, Lepus capensis and Tupaia belangeri. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nuclear complement of these neural systems in comparison to previous studies on Euarchontoglires and generally with other mammalian species. Brains were coronally sectioned and immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin and orexin-A. The majority of nuclei revealed in the current study were similar between the species investigated and to mammals generally, but certain differences in the nuclear complement highlight potential phylogenetic interrelationships within the Euarchontoglires and across mammals. In the northern tree shrew the nucleus of the trapezoid body contained neurons immunoreactive to the choline acetyltransferase antibody with some of these neurons extending into the lamellae within the superior olivary nuclear complex (SON). The cholinergic nature of the neurons of this nucleus, and the extension of cholinergic neurons into the SON, has not been noted in any mammal studied to date. In addition, cholinergic neurons forming the medullary tegmental field were also present in the northern tree shrew. Regarding the catecholaminergic system, the cape hare presented with the rodent specific rostral dorsal midline medullary nucleus (C3), and the northern tree shrew lacked both the ventral and dorsal divisions of the anterior hypothalamic group (A15v and A15d). Both species were lacking the primate/megachiropteran specific compact portion of the locus coeruleus complex (A6c). The nuclei of the serotonergic and orexinergic systems of both species were similar to those seen across most Eutherian mammals. Our results lend support to the monophyly of the Glires, and more broadly suggest that the megachiropterans are more closely related to the primates than are any other members of Euarchontoglires studied to date.

The cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemical characterization of the dopamine cell groups in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field in a bat (Artibeus planirostris)

“…Our results revealed that A8, A9, and A10 dopaminergic nuclei in A. planirostris are similar to the patterns described in other mammals, suggesting that these nuclei have strong phylogenetical stability among mammalian species (Calvey et al, 2015a;Calvey et al, 2015b;Calvey et al, 2016). On the other hand, our study demonstrated the occurrence of unique anatomical features in bats for the first time, such as the tSN and a conspicuous SNR.…”

Cholinergic profiles in the Goettingen miniature pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) brain

“…More caudally, large multipolar ChAT-ir neurons were located in the striatum of the miniature pig similar to other mammals (Sofroniew et al, 1982; Armstrong et al, 1983; Mesulam et al, 1984; Satoh and Fibiger, 1985; Mufson and Cunningham, 1988; Mufson et al, 1989; Woolf, 1991; Geula et al, 1993; Varga et al, 2003; Maseko et al, 2007; Bhagwandin et al, 2008; Limacher et al, 2008; Gravett et al, 2009; Bux et al, 2010; Kruger et al, 2010; Pieters et al, 2010; Bajo et al, 2014; Patzke et al, 2014; Calvey et al, 2015a, 2015b, 2016; Dell et al, 2010, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c). The major source of cholinergic striatal innervation is the large aspiny interneurons that comprise 1% of striatal neurons (Woolf and Butcher, 1981; Graveland and DiFiglia, 1985), which regulate intrastriatal local circuit activity (Galarraga et al, 1999; Koós and Tepper, 2002).…”

“…The olfactory tubercle of the miniature pig contained ChAT-ir neurons and fibers as described in other mammals (McGeer et al, 1982; Armstrong et al, 1983; Wahle and Meyer, 1986; Woolf, 1991; Varga et al, 2003; Maseko et al., 2007; Bhagwandin et al, 2008; Limacher et al, 2008; Gravett et al, 2009; Bux et al, 2010; Kruger et al, 2010; Pieters et al, 2010; Patzke et al, 2014; Calvey et al, 2015a, 2015b, 2016; Dell et al, 2010, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c). More caudally, large multipolar ChAT-ir neurons were located in the striatum of the miniature pig similar to other mammals (Sofroniew et al, 1982; Armstrong et al, 1983; Mesulam et al, 1984; Satoh and Fibiger, 1985; Mufson and Cunningham, 1988; Mufson et al, 1989; Woolf, 1991; Geula et al, 1993; Varga et al, 2003; Maseko et al, 2007; Bhagwandin et al, 2008; Limacher et al, 2008; Gravett et al, 2009; Bux et al, 2010; Kruger et al, 2010; Pieters et al, 2010; Bajo et al, 2014; Patzke et al, 2014; Calvey et al, 2015a, 2015b, 2016; Dell et al, 2010, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c).…”

“…These neurons share the magnocellular hyperchromic morphology observed in other mammals (Mesulam et al, 1983a, 1983b; Woolf, 1991; Varga et al, 2003). In rodents, and monotremes (the oldest mammalian group) a homologous NBM/SI cell group is found adjacent to the globus pallidus (Mesulam et al, 1983b; Manger et al, 2002) similar to other mammalian species (Woolf, 1991; Varga et al, 2003; Descarries et al, 2004; Maseko et al, 2007; Bhagwandin et al, 2008; Limacher et al, 2008; Gravett et al, 2009; Bux et al, 2010; Kruger et al, 2010; Pieters et al., 2010; Patzke et al, 2014; Calvey et al, 2015a, 2015b, 2016; Dell et al, 2010, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c; see Table 2). Interestingly, the NBM/SI displays the greatest degree of subfield differentiation in monkeys, great apes (Benzing et al, 1993a) and humans (Gorry, 1963; Mesulam et al, 1983a; Saper and Chelimsky, 1984; Mesulam and Geula, 1988), compared to other mammals (Mesulam et al, 1983b) including the miniature pig (present findings).…”

“…The distribution of cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system has been examined in numerous mammalian species (Armstrong et al, 1983; Mesulam et al, 1983a; Vincent and Reiner, 1987; Everitt et al, 1988; Maley et al, 1988; Mufson and Cunningham, 1988; Kordower et al., 1989; Alonso and Amaral, 1995; Ichikawa et al, 1997; Varga et al, 2003; Maseko and Manger, 2007; Maseko et al, 2007; Bhagwandin et al, 2008; Limacher et al, 2008; Gravett et al, 2009; Bux et al, 2010; Kruger et al, 2010, 2012; Pieters et al, 2010; Calvey et al, 2013; Maseko et al, 2013; Patzke et al, 2014; Calvey et al, 2015a, 2015b, 2016; Dell et al, 2010, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c). These neurons play a key role in complex functions including learning, memory, attention, and sleep (Jouvet, 1972; Kodama and Honda, 1996; Hasselmo and McGaughy, 2004; Atri et al, 2004; Green et al, 2005; Klinkenberg et al, 2011).…”