Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection

Cardona, Lorena; Jiménez, Jovani; Vanegas, Nelson

doi:10.4067/s0718-33052015000300015

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Both private and state-owned companies and universities (in Colombia and Europe) interested in generating knowledge for humanitarian demining, and with the support of Colciencias, have developed research projects to create tools for humanitarian demining [26]. Universities in Colombia such as Los Andes, Antioquia, Javeriana, and Nacional have carried out research projects to detect improvised explosive devices based on metal detectors and simulators [27], monostatic and polarimetric ground penetration radar [30], artificial vision systems [28], and nuclear quadrupole resonance [29].…”

Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipersonnel landmines in the Colombian internal conflict: implications for technology development

Uribe

Sahli

Sellier

2020

DYNA

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The effort of universities, companies, and the state in Colombia to face home-made AP landmines has generated useful solutions and studies for many projects developed in the last decade, including demining processes in Colombia. Antipersonnel mines have changed in the last 15 years, due to the intermittent nature of our internal conflict. For example, as Descontamina Colombia mentions on its website, non-state armed groups cut the detonator containing the primary explosive to decrease the metal in the mine. This paper shows the aspects of the conflict that have affected humanitarian demining in Colombia, which help in the design and construction of technological devices. This article does not attempt to describe each of the typical technologies in humanitarian demining processes, but rather to show the characteristics considered in the design of two detection devices aimed at detecting home-made AP landmines.

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Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipersonnel landmines in the Colombian internal conflict: implications for technology development

Uribe

Sahli

Sellier

2020

DYNA

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“…These methods are frequently X-ray based and capture images of the inside of luggage. Other non-X-ray-based screening systems include neutron techniques [32], nuclear quadrupole resonance [33], and terahertz time domain spectroscopy [34].…”

Section: Aviation Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Diffraction Imaging

Greenberg¹,

Iniewski²

2018

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This chapter examines the background and practice of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and considers this phenomenon principally in the context of X-ray-based security screening. The focus will be upon the practical aspects of XRD as many texts already provide comprehensive descriptions of the relevant theoretical background and that of the closely associated area of crystallography. Xray diffraction and its development from simple materials identification to dynamic imaging will be considered, followed by a similar view of aviation screening. Subsequently, a new approach to the harvesting of diffraction signatures (Focal Construct Technology) will be introduced and consequent potential applications summarised.The text provides a starting point for those interested in developments that exploit X-ray diffraction, particularly in the security screening sector. X-Ray DiffractionFollowing the discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Roentgen [1], their exploitation produced two, almost irreconcilable, distinct disciplines: imaging (radiography) and X-ray diffraction. Von Laue, after demonstrating the wave nature of the rays, showed that the intriguing scatter patterns could be thought of as arising from a three-dimensional diffraction grating. When single crystals were illuminated by a pencil beam of X-rays, they produced discrete spots (intensity maxima) in regular patterns remote from the beam path on a photographic film. Von Laue [2] developed a series of relationships to interpret these patterns and they remain a cornerstone of crystallography

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“…Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a spectroscopy technique that very sensitive to a specific nucleus in solid state which contain quadrupolar nuclei, i.e. with spin quantum number equal or greater than 1 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Commercial NQR devices are large and expensive, and requires high power transmitter amplifier, which is not suitable for portable field use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact RF transmission unit for nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Kijamnajsuk,

Sibsiri,

Luengviriya

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive measurement technique that enables to detect materials of interest very accurately. This technique works by sending high power electromagnetic waves with radio frequency (RF) very specific to the molecular structure to excite the sample and detecting the respond signal with the same frequency. Portable NQR detectors can be potentially developed to detect explosives with non-metallic containers in the fields. However, commercial RF high power amplifiers are large and heavy, so they are not practical for field usage. In this work, we demonstrate a compact NQR transmission part which composed of an active input signal conditioner, a class-D amplifier, and an NQR coil. The active input signal conditioner circuit will convert a single rf pulse with low amplitude (<0.5Vp) to two pulses (with 180° phase difference) and they are subsequently amplified to TTL level. In the class-D amplifier, the pre-amplified pulses are further amplified by a high voltage gate driver IC to 24V amplitude. These high voltage pulses are converted to a single 24V pulse by MOSFETs connected in a half bridge configuration. Finally, the amplified pulse is fed to the NQR coil, i.e., a low impedance LC series resonance circuit. The voltage across the coil at resonance frequency is about 1kVpp.

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Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Antipersonnel landmines in the Colombian internal conflict: implications for technology development

Antipersonnel landmines in the Colombian internal conflict: implications for technology development

X-Ray Diffraction Imaging

Compact RF transmission unit for nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

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