Nuclear Reactions of Copper with Various High-Energy Particles

Abstract

A study of the spallation of copper by and 190-Mev deuterons has been made. Radiochemical methods have been employed to determine absolute cross sections for the production of a number of nuclides produced by the interaction of these high-energy particles with copper.

Systematics of Spallation Yields with a Four-Parameter Formula

“…1. This is the reason why, in the example under analysis, we do not consider the 22 Ne, 11 C and 7 Be isotopes as true spallation products.…”

“…1 the relatively high formation cross sections for the 22 Ne, 11 C and 7 Be isotopes as compared to the extrapolated yield distributions for* > 12. The above mentioned isotopes are about 2-5 times more abundant than the predicted spallation pattern.…”

Reference Cross Sections for Charged-particle Monitor Reactions

“…An advantage of using reactions on Cu for monitoring purposes is that this material is often used as the backing for electroplated targets, and hence insertion of additional monitoring foils is not required. Twenty-seven publications with experimental cross-section data at incident particle energies up to 100 MeV were identified in the literature [11,36,39,49,56,60,68,86,92,95,97,100,103,109,115,[128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139] and are shown with uncertainties in Fig. 6(a).…”

Cosmic-ray-induced radioactivity in terrestrial materials

“…Using this excitation function and the neutron data of Hess, Patterson, Wallace, and Chupp [1959] we estimate the production rate of P• to be 1.0 atoms/min/kg S. An estimate of production rate of C1 • in the reaction Ar4• (n, pn) C13• may be made by assuming that the excitation function for this reaction is similar to that for (p, pn) reactions in elements close to argon. The excitation functions for the (p, pn) reaction in different elements have similar shape but considerably different value for the absolute cross section; the peak value at 20 to 30 Mev for Na •3, Co •9, Cu% and Cu •5 being 120, 770, 570, 530 mb, respectively [Meadows and Holt, 1951a, b;Meadows, 1953;Wagner and Wiig, 1954;Coleman and Tewes, 1955]. We take 200 mb as the peak value for the reaction Ar 4ø (n, pn) C1 •9.…”