Nuclear Waste Regulations

Ojovan, Michael I.; Lee, W.E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-099392-8.00006-1

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…So as long as the high demand for raw materials remains unchanged, private collectors will search street corners, construction sites, and waste bins to find anything they can sell. In this case, businesses with recycling plants and expertise will continue to be valuable [10].…”

Section: Shanghai's Current Capacity Of Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Recycling Inefficiencies in Shanghai Using Circular Economy

Zhang,

Luo,

et al. 2024

AEMPS

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The recycling rate in Shanghai, despite being a role model among Chinas cities, still has significant room for improvement. If the recycling rate in Shanghai is improved, peoples lives will be better. Being aware of it, and since the lack of value recapture in Shanghai is not encouraging, we are interested in offering a possible solution for the current situation. The difficulty for private sectors to enter leads us to the main discussion. By case studying German and other developed countries incentives toward this issue and researching SRRTAs, Biohms and other websites reports, this paper will respond to the challenges demonstrated above by offering a probable solution: By providing governmental help toward the private sectors, the informal sectors efficiency of recycling can be elevated.

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Section: Shanghai's Current Capacity Of Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Recycling Inefficiencies in Shanghai Using Circular Economy

Zhang,

Luo,

et al. 2024

AEMPS

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“…Fuel reprocessing and re‐fabrication are the essential steps for sustained operation of the nuclear power program. Glass matrix acquire global acceptance as suitable matrix for immobilization of minor actinides, lanthanides, fission and activation products; which are not only highly radiotoxic in nature; but also generates lots of radiation heat [1,2] . These glasses have some drawbacks such as lower percentage of loading of fission elements, they are thermodynamically unstable and are susceptible to uncontrolled crystallization under some repository conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single and polyphase crystalline ceramics like monozite, britholites, pyrochlores, apatites, zircon, garnets etc. have been extensively reviewed aiming to a possible alternative for immobilization of high level radioactive waste [1–4] . The major attractive properties like high chemical, thermal and radiation stability, low thermal expansion, conductivity and leachibility etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Thermal Properties of Alkali Metal Thorium Phosphates and Their Application for the Sorption of Uranyl Ion from Acidic Medium

et al. 2023

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Thermo physical properties of potassium, rubidium and cesium thorium phosphate compounds were investigated. All compounds were synthesized by conventional solid state method. Formation of orthorhombic AMThP3O10, tetragonal AM2Th(PO4)2 and monoclinic AMTh2(PO4)3; [AM=K, Rb and Cs] was confirmed using Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Structural study of CsThP3O10 was carried out for the first time from Rietveld refinement of XRD data. Thermal stability of all compounds was established using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. When heated at 1673 K for 30 h in air, all the compounds decompose to ThO2. High temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) data of the compounds, synthesized during present study, were collected in an inert atmosphere from ambient to 973 K and their thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. These compounds show positive thermal expansion up to 973 K. Molar heat capacities for all phosphates were measured between 300–863 K using Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Alkali metal thorium phosphates, AMThP3O10 and AMTh2(PO4)3, showed efficient uptake of uranyl ion from aqueous acidic medium predominantly following Langmuir isotherm and Webber Morris intra particle diffusion kinetics.

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“…How to deal with and dispose of radioactive waste in a long‐term, safe and effective manner is an urgent matter that needs resolve in the Chinese and global nuclear industries 5,6 . Currently, the immobilization of HLW with substrates such as cement, glass, and ceramics, followed by geological disposal, has been considered to be a technically feasible and safe way to manage nuclear waste in the long‐term 7,8 . Ceramics matrices, such as garnet, 9,10 pyrochlore, 11 zircon, 12 britholite, 13 have previously been investigated due to their superior properties compared with glass waste forms in regard to their chemical, thermal, and radiation resistances 14–16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Currently, the immobilization of HLW with substrates such as cement, glass, and ceramics, followed by geological disposal, has been considered to be a technically feasible and safe way to manage nuclear waste in the long-term. 7,8 Ceramics matrices, such as garnet, 9,10 pyrochlore, 11 zircon, 12 britholite, 13 have previously been investigated due to their superior properties compared with glass waste forms in regard to their chemical, thermal, and radiation resistances. [14][15][16] However, these materials also have certain limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconia/garnet multiphase ceramics with high immobilization capacity for Nd confers better physical and chemical stability

Ge,

Xu,

Liao

et al. 2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Multiphase ceramics have a high application potential in the field of nuclear waste immobilization because of the efficient synergy between the individual phases. In this work, zirconia/garnet multiphase ceramics with high efficient and effective immobilization capacity of trivalent actinides were successfully prepared using conventional solid‐phase sintering. ZrO2 doping increases the lattice site available for nuclide substitution and advance the immobilization capacity of the ceramic substrate for nuclide. At the same time, the phase change of zirconia is used to tougher and improve the physical properties of the ceramic waste form. The feasibility of using multiphase ceramics for the efficient immobilization of trivalent actinides was assessed by studying the phase evolution, microstructure, Vickers hardness, and chemical stability of the multi‐phase ceramics. Zr1‐xNdxO2‐x/2/Ca3‐yNdyZr3‐yFey‐1Fe3O12 multiphase ceramics exhibited superior physical or chemical properties compared to most of the multiphase ceramics as well as the previously prepared single‐phase calcium garnet ceramic waste forms. The Vickers hardness of all the multiphase ceramic samples ranged between 685 and 730 HV0.5. Under the condition of using simulate Bei Shan groundwater as leaching agent, the normalized leaching rates of Nd is approximately 10−6 g·m−2·day−1, showing good chemical stability and achieving efficient and effective immobilization of trivalent actinides. The excellent chemical, as well as physical properties of Zr1‐xNdxO2‐x/2/Ca3‐yNdyZr3‐yFey‐1Fe3O12 multiphase ceramics are expected to make them one of the substrates for more efficient and effective immobilizing of trivalent actinides.

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Nuclear Waste Regulations

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Addressing Recycling Inefficiencies in Shanghai Using Circular Economy

Addressing Recycling Inefficiencies in Shanghai Using Circular Economy

Investigation of the Thermal Properties of Alkali Metal Thorium Phosphates and Their Application for the Sorption of Uranyl Ion from Acidic Medium

Zirconia/garnet multiphase ceramics with high immobilization capacity for Nd confers better physical and chemical stability

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