Aviation-integrated communication equipment is integral to modern aircraft to ensure its performance and safety. The heat dissipation problems of equipment have become increasingly prominent for the high electronic integration and system power consumption. To solve the above problem, the heat dissipation performance of aviation-integrated communication equipment based on graphene films is deeply studied. This paper establishes a three-dimensional model of aviation-integrated communication equipment to simulate the distribution of temperature fields. The influence between aluminum alloy and graphene films on the surface of magnesium alloy on the heat dissipation performance of aviation-integrated communication equipment is studied. The simulation results show that the heat balance time of the equipment using graphene films on the surface of magnesium alloy is reduced from 3600 s to 800 s, representing an approximately 77.78% improvement; the measured equipment exhibited a reduction in its overall thermal equilibrium temperature, decreasing from 68.1 °C to 66.3 °C, representing an improvement of approximately 2.64%.