In recent years, clean renewable energy and sustainable environment are emerging as the top issues and challenges for humanity. Photocatalysis can be applied to convert solar energy into chemical energy, and is considered as an attractive strategy to tackle the environmental and energy challenges. Since the traditional photocatalyst TiO 2 is limited in ultraviolet (UV) range applications, alternative materials have been widely explored. Among them, BiVO 4 has shown great potential to extend beyond the UV region due to its suitable band-gap of 2.4 eV and favorable band edge alignment to water splitting. In this work, monoclinic m-BiVO 4 nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-modified in order to improve the photocatalytic property. The present work started from the mechanism study of m-BiVO 4 synthesis. It was found that a pH ≤ 9 was essential in the phase formation. Owing to the different reaction mechanisms involved under various pH conditions, the state and morphology of the Biprecursor played a crucial role in determining the particle size and morphology of the synthesized product. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of these m-BiVO 4 powders was found to be greatly influenced by both the specific surface area and local structure variation. Synthesis in acid solution was found to benefit complete crystallization with large distortion of the VO 4 3tetrahedron in the local structure, and the product exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. In strong acid condition and with the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), m-BiVO 4 octahedral single crystals were successfully obtained with sizes adjustable in a broad range from 200 nm to 5 m. The influences of SDBS addition, reaction time, and acid concentration were studied while the products were Abstract iii extensively characterized to discover the crystal growth mechanism, which was proposed as a supersaturation process followed by the Ostwald ripening. Compared with irregular shaped particles, these octahedral crystals showed superior visible-light photocatalytic performance. Further, -Bi 2 O 3 , the best photocatalytic polymorph of Bi 2 O 3 , was formed on the surface of m-BiVO 4 octahedral crystals through an alkaline "etching" process. The product resulted in m-BiVO 4 @-Bi 2 O 3 core-shell heterostructure with p-n junction formation. It was found that such formation and yield of Bi 2 O 3 was determined by both the alkaline concentration and reaction time. Moreover, the effect of Bi 2 O 3 formation on the specific surface area of the composite particles was investigated. The RhB degradation test indicated that a 34% Bi 2 O 3 composite phase provided the highest improvement of photocatalytic performance, which was attributed to a higher specific surface area and improved charge carrier transfer in the p-n heterojunction structure. In parallel, based on the photocatalytic capability of m-BiVO 4 , Au or Pt nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and loaded onto the surface of the m-BiVO 4 nanocrystals, as evidenced by extensive...